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A&P Ch. 1 Terms
Positional, Regional, Planes, and Cavities
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Superior (Cranial) | Towards head, upper, above |
Inferior (Caudal) | Away from head, below |
Ventral (Anterior) | Towards front of body |
Dorsal (Posterior) | Towards back of body |
Medial | Towards middle of the body, inner side |
Lateral | Away from the midline, outer side |
Intermediate | Between a more lateral and a more medial structure |
Proximal | Closer to the origin or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk |
Distal | Farther from the origin or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk |
Superficial (External) | Towards/at the surface of the body |
Deep (Internal) | Away from body surface |
Axial | Head, neck & trunk |
Appendicular | appendages/limbs |
Sagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts |
Median/Midsagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts at midline |
Parasagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts not at midline |
Frontal/Coronal Plane | Vertical division into anterior and posterior |
Transverse/Horizontal Plane / Cross Section | Divides into superior and inferior parts |
Oblique Section | Cut diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes |
Nasal | Nose |
Oral | Mouth |
Cervical | Neck |
Acromial | Point of shoulder |
Axillary | Armpit |
Abdominal | Abdomen |
Brachial | Arm |
Antecubital | Front of elbow |
Antebrachial | Forearm |
Pelvic | Pelvis |
Carpal | Wrist |
Pollex | Thumb |
Palmar | Palm |
Digital | Fingers/Toes |
Pubic | Genital region |
Patellar | Anterior knee |
Crural | Leg |
Pedal | Foot |
Tarsal | Ankle |
Frontal | Forehead |
Orbital | Eye |
Buccal | Cheek |
Mental | Chin |
Sternal | Breastbone |
Thoracic | Chest |
Mammary | Breast |
Umbilical | Navel |
Coxal | Hip |
Inguinal | Groin |
Femoral | Thigh |
Fibular/Peroneal | Side of leg |
Hallux | Great toe |
Cephalic | Head |
Otic | Ear |
Occipital | Back of head or base of skull |
Vertebral | Spinal column |
Scapular | Shoulder blade |
Dorsum/Dorsal | Back |
Olecranal | Back of elbow |
Lumbar | Loin |
Sacral | Between hips |
Manus | Hand |
Gluteal | Buttock |
Perineal | Region between anus and external genitalia |
Femoral | Thigh |
Popliteal | Back of knee |
Sural | Calf |
Calcaneal | Heel |
Plantar | Sole |
Dorsal body cavity | nervous system organs Cranial cavity & vertebral (spinal) cavity (not separate, continuous) |
Cranial cavity | Encases brain |
Vertebral (spinal) cavity | Encloses spinal cord |
Ventral body cavity | Anterior cavity housing viscera Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
Thoracic cavity | Surrounded by ribs and chest muscles Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial cavities |
Viscera, viscus | Organ in a body cavity |
Pleural Cavities | Lateral, each envelopes a lung |
Mediastinum Cavity | contains pericardial cavity and remaining thoricic organs (including esophagus, trachea, and others) |
Pericardial cavity | encloses heart |
Abdominopelvic cavity | two cavities, not separated Abdominal and pelvic cavities separated from superior thoracic by diaphram |
Abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs |
Pelvic cavity | within bony pelvis, contains bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum |
Serosa / Serous Membrane | Thin, double layered membrane, covers walls of ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs within |
Parietal serosa | Part of the membrane lining the cavity walls |
Visceral serosa | Part of the membrane covering the organs |
Serous fluid | Between the two layers of the serosa, allows organs to move and slide without friction |
Nine Abdominopelvic regions | Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac, Right lumbar region, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac (inguinal), hypogastric (pubic), Left iliac (inguinal) |
Umbilical region | surrounds umbilicus (naval) |
Epigastric region | superior to umbilical region |
Hypogastric region | pubic, inferior to umbilical region |
Right & left iliac regions | inguinal, lateral to hypogastric |
Right & left lumbar regions | Lateral to umbilical region |
Right & left hypochondriac regions | lateral to epigastric region |
Oral Cavity | mouth, contains teeth and tongue part of and continuous with cavity of digestive organs |
Nasal Cavity | within and posterior to the nose, part of respiratory system |
Orbital Cavities | house eyes and present them in anterior fashion |
Middle ear cavities | carved into skull, medial to the eardrums. Contain tiny bones |
Synovial cavities | joint cavities, enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints |
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