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A&P Ch. 1 Terms
Positional, Regional, Planes, and Cavities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superior (Cranial) | Towards head, upper, above |
| Inferior (Caudal) | Away from head, below |
| Ventral (Anterior) | Towards front of body |
| Dorsal (Posterior) | Towards back of body |
| Medial | Towards middle of the body, inner side |
| Lateral | Away from the midline, outer side |
| Intermediate | Between a more lateral and a more medial structure |
| Proximal | Closer to the origin or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk |
| Distal | Farther from the origin or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk |
| Superficial (External) | Towards/at the surface of the body |
| Deep (Internal) | Away from body surface |
| Axial | Head, neck & trunk |
| Appendicular | appendages/limbs |
| Sagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts |
| Median/Midsagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts at midline |
| Parasagittal Plane | Divided into right and left parts not at midline |
| Frontal/Coronal Plane | Vertical division into anterior and posterior |
| Transverse/Horizontal Plane / Cross Section | Divides into superior and inferior parts |
| Oblique Section | Cut diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes |
| Nasal | Nose |
| Oral | Mouth |
| Cervical | Neck |
| Acromial | Point of shoulder |
| Axillary | Armpit |
| Abdominal | Abdomen |
| Brachial | Arm |
| Antecubital | Front of elbow |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Pelvic | Pelvis |
| Carpal | Wrist |
| Pollex | Thumb |
| Palmar | Palm |
| Digital | Fingers/Toes |
| Pubic | Genital region |
| Patellar | Anterior knee |
| Crural | Leg |
| Pedal | Foot |
| Tarsal | Ankle |
| Frontal | Forehead |
| Orbital | Eye |
| Buccal | Cheek |
| Mental | Chin |
| Sternal | Breastbone |
| Thoracic | Chest |
| Mammary | Breast |
| Umbilical | Navel |
| Coxal | Hip |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Fibular/Peroneal | Side of leg |
| Hallux | Great toe |
| Cephalic | Head |
| Otic | Ear |
| Occipital | Back of head or base of skull |
| Vertebral | Spinal column |
| Scapular | Shoulder blade |
| Dorsum/Dorsal | Back |
| Olecranal | Back of elbow |
| Lumbar | Loin |
| Sacral | Between hips |
| Manus | Hand |
| Gluteal | Buttock |
| Perineal | Region between anus and external genitalia |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Popliteal | Back of knee |
| Sural | Calf |
| Calcaneal | Heel |
| Plantar | Sole |
| Dorsal body cavity | nervous system organs Cranial cavity & vertebral (spinal) cavity (not separate, continuous) |
| Cranial cavity | Encases brain |
| Vertebral (spinal) cavity | Encloses spinal cord |
| Ventral body cavity | Anterior cavity housing viscera Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| Thoracic cavity | Surrounded by ribs and chest muscles Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial cavities |
| Viscera, viscus | Organ in a body cavity |
| Pleural Cavities | Lateral, each envelopes a lung |
| Mediastinum Cavity | contains pericardial cavity and remaining thoricic organs (including esophagus, trachea, and others) |
| Pericardial cavity | encloses heart |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | two cavities, not separated Abdominal and pelvic cavities separated from superior thoracic by diaphram |
| Abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs |
| Pelvic cavity | within bony pelvis, contains bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum |
| Serosa / Serous Membrane | Thin, double layered membrane, covers walls of ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs within |
| Parietal serosa | Part of the membrane lining the cavity walls |
| Visceral serosa | Part of the membrane covering the organs |
| Serous fluid | Between the two layers of the serosa, allows organs to move and slide without friction |
| Nine Abdominopelvic regions | Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac, Right lumbar region, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac (inguinal), hypogastric (pubic), Left iliac (inguinal) |
| Umbilical region | surrounds umbilicus (naval) |
| Epigastric region | superior to umbilical region |
| Hypogastric region | pubic, inferior to umbilical region |
| Right & left iliac regions | inguinal, lateral to hypogastric |
| Right & left lumbar regions | Lateral to umbilical region |
| Right & left hypochondriac regions | lateral to epigastric region |
| Oral Cavity | mouth, contains teeth and tongue part of and continuous with cavity of digestive organs |
| Nasal Cavity | within and posterior to the nose, part of respiratory system |
| Orbital Cavities | house eyes and present them in anterior fashion |
| Middle ear cavities | carved into skull, medial to the eardrums. Contain tiny bones |
| Synovial cavities | joint cavities, enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints |
Created by:
Absidey