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RHIT EXAM
PART 5 (P)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PWW aka Group practice without walls | A type of managed care contract that allows physicians to maintain their own offices and share administrative services; Also called clinic without walls (CWW) |
| Push technology | A types of active computer technology that send information directly to the end user as the information becomes available. |
| Purposive sampling | A strategy of qualitative research in which researchers use their expertise to select representative units and unrepresentative units to capture a wide array of perspective. |
| Purged records | Patient health records that have been removed from the active file area |
| Purchase order | A paper document or electronic screen on which all details of an intended purchase are reported, including authorization. |
| Pull list | A list of request for records to be pulled for review during the audit process. |
| Pull-down menu | The design of a data-entry screen of a computer in which categories of functions or structured data elements may be accessed through that category element in a list format. |
| Puerperal | The period immediately following childbirth |
| Public law 104-191 | The alternate name for HIPAA passed in 1996 |
| Public law | A type of legislation that involves the government and its relations with individuals and business organizations |
| Public key infrastructure (PKI) | A system of digital certificates and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in a secure transaction. |
| Public key | In cryptography, an asymmetric algorithm made publicly available to unlock a coded message |
| Public health services (PHS) | Services concerned primarily with the health of entire communities and population groups |
| Public Health Informatics Institute (PHII) | A cooperative of public health services, health information systems, and informatics experts established to develop health information systems for public and population health purposes. |
| Public health | An area of healthcare that deals with the health of populations in geopolitical areas, such as states and counties. |
| Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) | A not-for-profit organization that oversees the work of auditors of public companies |
| Public Assistance aka welfare | A monetary subsidy provided to financially needy individuals |
| P/T committee aka | pharmacy & therapeutic committee |
| PTCA | Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| PT aka physical therapy | The field of study that focuses on physical functioning of the resident on a physician-prescribed basis |
| Psychotherapy notes | Notes recorded in any medium by a mental health professional to document or analyze the contents of conversations between therapists and clients during private or group counseling sessions. |
| Psychiatry | The study, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders |
| Psychiatric hospital | A hospital that provides diagnostic and treatment services to patients with mental or behavioral disorders. |
| PSRO aka Professional standards review organization | An organization responsible for determining whether the care and services provided to hospital inpatients were medically necessary and met professional standards in the context of eligibility for reimbursement under the Medicare and Medicaid programs |
| PSO aka patient safety organization | Organizations that share the goal of improving the quality and safety of healthcare delivery; organizations eligible to become PSOs include public or private entities, profit or not-for-profit entities, provider entities such as hospital chains, and other |
| PSO aka provider sponsored organization | Type of point-of-service plan in which the physicians that practice in a regional or community hospital organize the plan. |
| PSI payment status indicator | An alphabetic code assigned to CPT/HCPCS codes to indicate whether a service or procedure is to be reimbursed under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system |
| Patient Self-determination act (PSDA) | The federal legislation that requires healthcare facilities to provide written information on the patient's right to issue advance directives and to accept or refuse medical treatment. |
| Provider network organization | An organization that performs prospective, concurrent, and retrospective reviews of healthcare services provided to its enrollees |
| Provider-based status | The relationship between a main provider and a provider based entity or a department of a provider that complies with the provisions of the final rule on ambulatory payment classifications |
| Provider-based entity | A provider of healthcare services, a rural health clinic, or a federally qualified health clinic, as defined in section 405-2401 of the Code of Federal Regulations, that is either created or acquired by a main provider for the purpose of furnishing health |
| Provider | Physician, clinic, hospital, nursing home, or other healthcare entity (second party) that delivers healthcare services |
| Protocol | In healthcare, a detailed plan of care for a specific medical condition based on investigative studies; in medical research, a rule or procedure to be followed in a clinical trial; in a computer network, a rule or procedure used to address and ensure deli |
| Protective order | Any court order or decree whose purpose is to protect a person from personal harassment or service of process or discovery. |
| Protective health information (PHI) | Individually identifiable health information, transmitted electronically or maintained in any other form, that is created or received by a healthcare provider or any other entity subject to HIPAA requirement |
| Prosthetics and orthotics (P/O) | A collective term that refers to the artificial extremities augmentation devices, and mechanical appliances used in orthopedic care. |
| Prospective utilization review | A review of a patient's health records before admission to determine the necessity of admission to an acute care facility and to determine or satisfy benefit coverage requirements. |
| Prospective study | A study designed to observe outcomes or events that occur after the identification of a group of subjects to be studied |
| Prospective reimbursement aka prospective payment system | A type of reimbursement system that is based on preset payment levels rather than actual charges billed after the service has been provided; specifically, one of several Medicare reimbursement systems based on predetermined payment rates or periods and li |
| Prospective payment system (PPS) | A type of reimbursement system that is based on preset payment levels rather than actual charges billed after the service has been provided; specifically, one of several Medicare reimbursement systems based on predetermined payment rates or periods and li |
| Prospective payment method | Type of episode-of-care reimbursement in which the third-party payer establishes the payment rates for healthcare services in advance for specific time period |
| Prospective payment | A method of determining reimbursement based on predetermined factors, not individual services |
| Prosecutor | An attorney who prosecutes a defendant accused of a crime on behalf of a local, state, or federal government |
| Proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) | The total number of deaths due to a specific cause during a given time period divided by the total number of deaths due to all causes |
| Proportion | The relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree |
| Property, plant, & equipment (PPE) aka capital assets | Physical assets with an estimated useful life of more than one year |
| Promotion | the act of being raised in position or rank |
| Project team | A collection of individuals assigned to work on a project |
| Project scope | The intention of a project. The range of a project' activities or influence |
| Project schedule | The portion of the project plan that deals specifically with task start and finish dates |
| Project plan | A plan consisting of a list of the tasks to be performed in a project, a defined order in which they will occur, task start & finish dates, and the resource effort needed to complete each task. |
| Project office | A support function for project management best practices |
| Project network | The relationship between tasks in a project that determines the overall finish date |
| Project management software | A type of application software that provides the tools to track a project |
| Project management life cycle | The period in which the processes involved in carrying out a project are completed, including project definition, project planning and organization, project tracking and analysis, project revisions, change control, and communication |
| Project management | A formal set of principles and procedures that help control the activities associated with implementing a usually large undertaking to achieve a specific goal, such as an information system project. |
| Project deliverables | The tangible end results of a project |
| Project definition | First step in the project management life cycle that sets expectations for the what, when, and how of a project the organization wants to undertake. |
| Project components | Related parameters of scope, resources, and scheduling with regard to a project. |
| Project charter aka statement of work (SOW) | A document that defines the scope and goals of a specific project |
| Prohibited abbreviations | Acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols that cannot be used in health records because they are prone to misinterpretation. |
| Progressive discipline | A four-step process for shaping employee behavior to conform to the requirements of the employee's job position that begins with a verbal caution and progresses to written, reprimand, suspension, and dismissal upon subsequent offenses. |
| Progress notes | The documentation of a patient's care, treatment, and therapeutic response, which is entered into the health record by each of the clinical professionals involved in a patient's care, including nurses, physician, therapists, and social workers. |
| Programs of All-inclusive care for the Elderly (PACE) | A state option legislated by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 that provides an alternative to institutional care for individuals 55 years old or older who require the level of care provided by nursing facilities. |
| Programming language | A set of words and symbols that allows programmers to tell the computer what operations to follow |
| Programmers | Individuals primarily responsible for writing program codes and developing applications, typically performing the function of systems development and working closely with system analysts |
| Programmed decision | An automated decision made by people or computers based on a situation being so stable and recurrent that decision rules can be applied to it. |
| Program officer | The person who leads a specific request for applications (RFA) or request for proposals (RFP) and addresses any questions the investigators may have while developing a proposal |
| Program for Evaluation Payment Patterns Electronic Report (PEPPER) | A benchmarking database maintained by the Texas Medical Foundation that supplies individual QIOs with hospital data to determine state benchmarks and monitor hospital compliance |
| Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart | A project management tool that diagrams a project's time lines and tasks as well as their interdependencies |
| Project budget aka milestone budget aka program budget | A type of budget without a fixed 12-month calendar in which cost is determined and budget allocation is established for the next period as events are completed |
| Prognosis | The probable outcome of an illness, including the likelihood of improvement of deterioration in the severity of the illness, the likelihood for recurrence, and the patient's probable life expectancy. |
| Pro forma | An estimate |
| Profit and loss statement aka statement of revenue and expenses | A financial statement showing how much the organization makes or loses during a given reporting period |
| Profitability index | An index used to prioritize investment opportunities, where the present value of the cash inflows is divided by the present value of the cash outflows for each investment and results are compared. |
| Profit aka net income | The difference between revenue and expenses used to build reserves for contingencies and long-term capital improvements |
| Profiling | A measurement of the quality, utilization, and cost of medical resources provided by physicians that is made by employers, third-party payers, government entities, and other purchasers of healthcare. A technique used to compare the activities of one or mo |
| Professional component (PC) | The portion of a healthcare procedure performed by a physician. A term generally used in reference to the elements of radiological procedures performed by a physician |
| Professional certification organization | Private societies and membership organizations that establish professional qualification requirements and clinical practice standards for specific areas of medicine, nursing and allied health professions |
| Productivity software | A type of computer software used for word-processing spreadsheet, and database management applications. |
| Productivity indicators | A set of measures designed to routinely monitor the output and quality of products and/or services provided by an individual, an organization, or one of its constituent parts; used to help determine status of a productivity bonus. |
| Productivity bonus | A monetary incentive used to encourage employee to improve their output |
| Productivity | A unit of performance defined by management in quantitative standards |
| Product trade name | Name (aka catalog name) assigned or supplied by the labelers (firms) as required under Food drug Cosmetic at |
| Product code | The part of the National Drug Code that identifies a specific strength, dosage form, and formulation for a particular drug. |
| Process redesign | The steps in which focused data are collected and analyzed, the process is changed to incorporate the knowledge gained from the data collected, the new process is implemented, and the staff is educated about the new process |
| Process measures | Measures that focus on a process that leads to a certain outcome, meaning that a scientific basis exists for believing that the process, when executed well, will increase the probability of achieving a desired outcome. |
| Process indicators | Specific measures that enable the assessment of the steps taken in rendering a service |
| Process improvement team | An interdepartmental task force formed to redesign or change and improve shared processes and procedures |
| Process improvement | A series of actions taken to identify, analyze, and improve existing processes. |
| Process and workflow modeling | The process of creating a representation of the actions and information required to perform a function, including decomposition diagrams, dependency diagrams, and data flow diagrams |
| Process | A systematic series of actions taken to create a product or service |
| Procedures and services (outpatient) | All medical procedures and services of any type that are performed pertinent to the patient's reasons for the encounter, all therapeutic services performed at the time of the encounter, & all preventive services & procedures performed at the time of the e |
| Procedure | A document that describes the steps involved in performing a specific function. An action of a medical professional for treatment or diagnosis of a medical condition. The steps taken to implement a policy. |
| Procedural risk | A professionally recognized risk that a given procedure may induce functional impairment, injury, morbidity, or mortality |
| Procedural codes | The numeric or alphanumeric characters used to classify and report the medical procedures and services performed for patients. |
| Problem-oriented medical record (POMR) aka problem-oriented health record | Patient record in which clinical problems are defined and documented individually |
| Problem-oriented health record format | A health record documentation approach in which the physician defines each clinical problem individually |
| Problem list | A list of illnesses, injuries, and other factors that affect the health of an individual patient, usually identifying the time of occurrence or identification and resolution |
| Probationary period | A period of time in which the skills of a potential employee's work are assessed before he or she assumes full-time employment |
| Probate court | A state court that handles wills and settles estates |
| Peer review organization (PRO) | |
| Privileging process | The process of evaluating a physician's or other licensed independent practitioner's quality of medical practice and determining the services or procedures he or she is qualified to perform. |
| Privileged communication | The protection afforded to the recipients of professional services that prohibits medical practitioners, lawyers, and other professionals from disclosing the confidential information that they learn in their capacity as professional service provider |
| Privilege | The professional relationship between patients and specific groups of caregivers that affects the patient's health record and its contents as evicence; the services or procedures, based on training and experience, that an individual physician is qualifie |
| Private, unrestricted fee-for-service plan | A prepaid health insurance plan that allows beneficiaries to select private healthcare providers |
| Private right of action | The right of an injured person to secure redress for violation of his or her rights. A legal right to maintain an action growing out of a given transaction or state of facts and based thereon or a legal term pertaining to remedy and relief through judicia |
| Private law | The collective rules and principles that define the rights and duties of people and private businesses. |
| Private key | In cryptography, an asymmetric algorithm restricted to one entity |
| Private branch exchange (PBX) | A switching system for telephones on private extension lines that allows access to public telephone network |
| Privacy standards | Rules, conditions, or requirements developed to ensure the privacy of patient information |
| Privacy Rule | The federal regulations created to implement the privacy requirements of the simplification subtitle of HIPAA of 1996 effective in 2002; afforded patients certain rights to and about their protected health information. |
| Privacy Protection Study Commission | A commission established to review the weaknesses of the Privacy Act of 1974, evaluate the statute, and issue a report containing recommendations for its improvement to grant greater protections |
| Privacy Officer | A position mandated under the HIPAA Privacy Rule-covered entities must designate an individual to be responsible for developing and implementing privacy policies and procedures |
| Privacy (research) board | A group formed by a HIPAA-covered entity to review research studies where authorization waivers are requested and to ensure the HIPAA privacy rights of research subjects |
| Privacy Act of 1974 | A law that requires federal agencies to safeguard personally identifiable records and provides individuals with certain privacy rights |
| Privacy | The quality or state of being hidden form, or undisturbed by the observation or activities of other persons, or freedom from unauthorized intrusion; in healthcare-related contexts, the right of a patient to control disclosure of protected health informati |
| Priority focus process (PFP) | A process used by the Joint Commission to collect analyze, and create information about a specific organization being accredited in order to customize the accreditation process. |
| Priority focus area (PFA) | One of 14 areas that the JC considers vital in the successful operation of a hospital, includes processes, systems, and structures that have a substantial effect on patient care services. |
| Prior approval (authorization) aka precertification | process of obtaining approval from a healthcare insurance company before receiving healthcare services |
| Print file | Output from a computer system that generates a file containing an image of information that can be printed |
| Principal procedure | the procedure performed for the definitive treatment of a condition (as opposed to a procedure performed for diagnostic or exploratory purposes) or for care of a complication |
| Principal investigator | The individual with primary responsibility for the design and conduct of a research project |
| Principal diagnosis aka most significant diagnosis | the disease or condition that was present on admission, was the principal reason for admission, and received treatment or evaluation during the hospital stay or visit or the reason established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admi |
| Primary source system | An information system that is part of the overall clinical information system in which documentation is most commonly first entered or generated. |
| Primary source | An original work of a researcher who conducted an investigation. |
| Primary research | Data collected specifically for a study |
| Primary record of care aka health record | 1. Information relating to the physical or mental health or condition of an individual, as made by or on behalf of a health professional in connection with the care ascribed that individual 2. A medical record, health record, or medical chart that is a sy |
| Primary key aka key field | An explanatory notation that uniquely identifies each row in a database table |
| Primary insurer (payer) | The insurance company responsible for making the first payment on a claim |
| Primary data source (in healthcare) | a record developed by healthcare professionals in the process of providing patient care |
| Primary care provider (PCP) | Healthcare provider who provides, supervises, and coordinates the healthcare of a member; primary care providers can be family and general practitioners, internists, pediatricians, and obstetricians and gynecologists; other PCPs are nurse practitioners an |
| Primary care manager (PCM) | The healthcare provider assigned to a TRICARE beneficiary |
| Primary care | The continuous and comprehensive care provided at first contact with the healthcare provider in an ambulatory care setting |
| Primary analysis | The analysis of original research data by the researchers who collected them |
| Preventive controls | Internal controls implemented prior to an activity and designed to stop an error from happening |
| Prevalence study aka cross-sectional study | A biomedical research study in which both the exposure and the disease outcome are determined at the same time in each subject; See prevalence study |
| Prevalence rate | The proportion of people in a population who have a particular disease at a specific point in time or over a specified period of time |
| Pretty good privacy (PGP) | A type of encryption software that uses public key cryptology and digital signatures |
| Preterm neonate | Any neonate whose birth occurs through the end of the last day of the 38th week (266th day) following onset of the last menstrual period |
| Preterm infant | An infant with a birth weight between 1,000 and 2,499 grams and/or a gestation between 28 and 37 completed weeks |
| President's Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) | A committee that advises the federal administration on information technology, including EHR interoperability issues; part of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) |
| President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology | An advisory group of the nation's leading scientists and engineers who directly advise the President and the Executive Office of the President; makes policy recommendations in the many areas where understanding of science, technology, and innovation is ke |
| Present value | A value that targets the current dollar investment and interest-rate needs to achieve a particular investment goal |
| Present on admission (POA) | A condition present at the time of inpatient admission |
| Prescription management | Cost-control measure that expands the use of a formulary to include patient education; electronic screening, alert, and decision-support tools; expert and referent systems; criteria for drug utilization; point-of-service order entry; electronic prescripti |
| Prepartum | Occurring prior to childbirth |
| Preoperative anesthesia evaluation | An assessment performed by an anesthesiologist to collect information on a patient's medical history and current physical and emotional condition that will become the basis of the anesthesia plan for the surgery to be performed |
| Premium | Amount of money that a policyholder or certificate holder must periodically pay an insurer in return for healthcare coverage |
| Pregnancy termination | The birth of a live-born or stillborn infant or the expulsion or extraction of a dead fetus or other products of conception from the mother |
| Pregnancy Discrimination Act | The federal legislation that prohibits discrimination against women affected by pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions by requiring that affected women be treated the same as all other employees for employment-related purposes, including ben |
| Preferred term | In SNOMED CT, the description or name assigned to a concept that is used most commonly; in the UMNDS classification system, a representation of the generic product category, which is a list of preferred concepts that name devices |
| Preferred provider organization (PPO) | A managed care arrangement based on a contractual agreement between healthcare providers (professional and/or institutional) and employers, insurance carriers, or third-party administrators to provide healthcare services to a defined population of enrolle |
| Pre-existing condition | Any injury, disease, or physical condition occurring prior to an arbitrary date before the insured's enrollment date of coverage or any medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment that was recommended or received. Healthcare coverage may be denied for a |
| Preemption | In law, the principle that a statute at one level supercedes or is applied over the same or similar statute at a lower level (for example, the federal HIPAA privacy provisions trump the same or similar state law except when state law is more stringent) |
| Predictive modeling | A process used to identify patterns that can be used to predict the odds of a particular outcome based on the observed data |
| Predecessor | A task that affects the scheduling of a successor task in a dependency relationship |
| Precision factor | The definitive tolerable error rate to be considered in calculations of productivity standards |
| Precertification aka prior approval (authorization) | Control number issued when a healthcare service is approved |
| Preadmission utilization review | A type of review conducted before a patient's admission to an acute care facility to determine whether the planned service (intensity of service) or the patient's condition (severity of illness) warrants care in an inpatient setting |
| Preadmission Screening Assessment and Annual Resident Review (PASARR) | A screening process for mental illness and mental retardation that must be completed prior to a prospective resident's admission to the long-term care facility |
| Preadmission review aka | prior approval (authorization), preadmission certification |
| Practice management system (PMS) | A type of software that automates a physician office's patient appointment scheduling, registration, billing, and payroll functions |
| Practice guidelines | Protocols of care that guide the clinical care process |
| Practice expenses (PE) | Element of the relative value unit (RVU) that covers the physician's overhead costs, such as employee wages, office rent, supplies, and equipment. There are two types, facility and nonfacility |
| physician quality reporting system (PQRS) | An incentive payment system for eligible professionals who satisfactorily report data on quality measures for covered professional services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries; formerly known as the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) |
| Periodic performance review aka physician payment reform (PPR) | An organizational self-assessment conducted at the halfway point between triennial on-site accreditation surveys conducted by the Joint Commission |
| Per patient per month (PPPM) | A type of managed care arrangement by which providers are paid a fixed fee in exchange for supplying all of the healthcare services an enrollee needs for a specified period of time (usually one month but sometimes one year); See per member per month (PMPM |
| Patient Protection and affordable care act (PPACA) | A federal statute that was signed into law on March 23, 2010. Along with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (signed into law on March 30, 2010), the Act is the product of the healthcare reform agenda of the Democratic 111th Congress |
| Potential compensable event (PCE) | An event (for example, an injury, accident, or medical error) that may result in financial liability for a healthcare organization, for example, an injury, accident, or medical error |
| Post-term neonate | Any neonate whose birth occurs from the beginning of the first day (295th day) of the 43rd week following onset of the last menstrual period |
| Postpartum | Occurring after childbirth |
| Postoperative infection rate | The number of infections that occur in clean surgical cases for a given time period divided by the total number of operations within the same time period |
| Postoperative death rate | The ratio of deaths within 10 days after surgery to the total number of operations performed during a specified period of time |
| Postoperative anesthesia record | Health record documentation that contains information on any unusual events or complications that occurred during surgery as well as information on the patient's condition at the conclusion of surgery and after recovery from anesthesia |
| Postneonatal mortality rate | The number of deaths of persons aged 28 days up to, but not including, one year during a given time period divided by the number of live births for the same time period |
| Postneonatal death | The death of a live-born infant from 28 days to the end of the first year of life (364 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes from the moment of birth) |
| Postmortem examination aka autopsy | The postmortem examinations of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions |
| Postdischarge plan of care (from long-term care facility) | A care plan used to help a resident discharged from the long-term care facility to adapt to his or her new living arrangement |
| Post-acute care | Care provided to patients who have been released from an acute care facility to recuperate at home |
| Point-of-service (POS) healthcare insurance plan | A type of managed care plan in which enrollees are encouraged to select healthcare providers from a network of providers under contract with the plan but are also allowed to select providers outside the network and pay a larger share of the cost; See open |
| Positivism | A philosophy of research that assumes that there is a single truth across time and place and that researchers are able to adopt a neutral, unbiased stance and establish causation; See quantitative approach |
| Positive relationship | A relationship in which the effect moves in the same direction; Also called direct relationship |
| Position power | A situation in contingency in which the leader is perceived as having the authority to give direction |
| Place of service or point of service (POS) | A two-digit code used in box 24b of the CMS-1500 claim form to describe the location where the service was performed |
| Population variance | Average of the squared deviations from the population mean |
| Population health dimension (PHD) | One of three dimensions of the National Health Information Infrastructure privacy concept that addresses protecting and promoting the health of the community |
| Population health | The capture and reporting of healthcare data that are used for public health purposes. It allows the healthcare provider to report infectious diseases, immunizations, cancer, and other reportable conditions to public health officials |
| Population-based statistics | Statistics based on a defined population rather than on a sample drawn from the same population |
| Population-based registry | A type of registry that includes information from more than one facility in a specific geopolitical area, such as a state or region |
| Population (as related to research) | The universe of data under investigation from which a sample is taken |
| Polymorphic virus | A type of computer virus that can change its form after infecting a file |
| Policyholder | An individual or entity that purchases healthcare insurance coverage; See certificate holder; insured; member; subscriber |
| Policies | 1. Governing principles that describe how a department or an organization is supposed to handle a specific situation or execute a specific process 2. Binding contracts issued by a healthcare insurance company to an individual or group in which the company |
| Point-of-service (POS) healthcare insurance plan | A type of managed care plan in which enrollees are encouraged to select healthcare providers from a network of providers under contract with the plan but are also allowed to select providers outside the network and pay a larger share of the cost; See open |
| Point-of-care review aka open-record review | A review of the health records of patients currently in the hospital or under active treatment; part of the Joint Commission survey process |
| Point-of-care information system | A computer system that captures data at the location (for example, bedside, exam room, or home) where the healthcare service is performed |
| Point-of-care documentation | A system whereby information is entered into the health record at the time and location of service |
| Point-of-care charting | A system whereby information is entered into the health record at the time and location of service |
| Point of care (POC) | The place or location where the physician administers services to the patient |
| Point method | A method of job evaluation that places weight (points) on each of the compensable factors in a job whereby the total points associated with a job establish its relative worth and jobs that fall within a specific range of points fall into a pay grade with |
| Perioperative nursing dataset (PNDS) | A data set developed by the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses to identify the perioperative experience of the patient from preadmission to discharge |
| Plug-and-play | An adapter card hardware that sets connections through software rather than hardware, making hardware easier to install; a computer system's ability to detect and operate a new device as soon as it is added (for example, wireless mouse) |
| Platform | The combination of the hardware and operating system on which an application program can run |
| Plan of care (POC) | A term referring to Medicare home health services for homebound beneficiaries that must be delivered under a plan established by a physician |
| Planning stage | In performance management, the stage during which specific goals and performance standards are defined |
| Planning | An examination of the future and preparation of action plans to attain goals; one of the four traditional management functions |
| Planned redundancy | A disaster recovery strategy in which information technology operations are duplicated at other locations |
| Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle | A performance improvement model designed specifically for healthcare organizations |
| Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle | A performance improvement model developed by Walter Shewhart, but popularized in Japan by W. Edwards Deming |
| Plaintiff | The group or person who initiates a civil lawsuit |
| Plain text | A message that is not encrypted; a form of text that does not support text formatting such as bold, italic, or underline; most efficient way to store text |
| placebo | A medical intervention or medication with no active ingredients |
| Pixel | An abbreviation for the term picture element, which is defined by many tiny bits of data or points |
| Provider identification number (PIN) | |
| Pilot study | A trial run on a smaller scale. also called feasibility study |
| Pie graph aka pie chart | A graphic technique in which the proportions of a category are displayed as portions of a circle (like pieces of a pie); used to show the relationship of individual parts to the whole |
| piece-rate incentive | An adjustment of the compensation paid to a worker based on exceeding a certain level of output |
| Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) | |
| Picture archiving and communication system (PAC) | An integrated computer system that obtains, stores, retrieves, and displays digital images (in healthcare, radiological images) |
| Pictogram | A graphic technique in which pictures are used in the display of data |
| Pick list | A list of options that appear below an item when clicked which a user selects to complete the computer entry; See also drop-down menu |
| Peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) | |
| Performance improvement (PI) | Cellular, tissue, or organ processes or functions altered by drugs |
| Physiological signal processing systems | Systems that store vector graphic data based on the human body's signals and create output based on the lines plotted between the signals' points |
| Physician work (WORK) | Component or element of the relative value unit (RVU) that should cover the physician's salary. This work is the time the physician spends providing a service and the intensity with which that time is spent. The four elements of intensity are mental effor |
| physician's order | A physician's written or verbal instructions to the other caregivers involved in a patient's care |
| physician's certification | A statement from a physician confirming a Medicare-eligible resident's need for long-term care services |
| Physician query process policy | A policy that addresses requests from physicians for additional information as part of the coding and reimbursement process |
| Physician query process | The process by which questions are posed to a provider to obtain additional, clarifying documentation to improve the specificity and completeness of the data used to assign diagnosis and procedure codes in the patient's health record |
| Physician quality reporting system (PQRS) | An incentive payment system for eligible professionals who satisfactorily report data on quality measures for covered professional services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries; formerly known as the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) |
| Physician profiling | A type of quality improvement and utilization management software that enables provider and payer organizations to monitor how and with what resources physicians are treating patients |
| Physician payment reform (PPR) | A legislative change in the way Medicare pays for physician services required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, which includes a national fee schedule based on a resource-based relative value scale with geographic adjustments for differenc |
| Physician-patient relationship | A relationship in which the physician trusts the patient to be forthcoming and honest in providing the information necessary for diagnosis and treatment, and the patient trusts the physician to use that information responsibly, in his or her best interest |
| Physician-patient privilege | The legal protection from confidential communications between physicians and patients related to diagnosis and treatment being disclosed during civil and some misdemeanor litigation |
| Physician index | A list of patients and their physicians usually arranged according to the physician code numbers assigned by the healthcare facility |
| Physician-hospital organization (PHO) | An integrated delivery system formed by hospitals and physicians (usually through managed care contracts) that allows for cooperative activity but permits participants to retain some level of independence |
| Physician extender (PE) | A professional such as a physician assistant or nurse practitioner who 'extends' the services of the physician to ensure continuity of care if issues or concerns arise in the long-term care setting and the physician cannot be present |
| Physician contingency reserve aka withold | |
| Physician champion | An individual who assists in communicating and educating medical staff in areas such as documentation procedures for accurate billing and appropriate EHR processes |
| Physician care group (PCG) | Type of outpatient prospective payment method for physician services in which patients are classified into similar, homogenous categories |
| Physician assistant (PA) | A healthcare professional licensed to practice medicine with physician supervision |
| Physical therapy (PT) | The field of study that focuses on physical functioning of the resident on a physician-prescribed basis |
| Physical status modifier | The two-digit code (P1-P6) attached to a CPT code to describe the patient's condition and therefore the complexity of the anesthesia service |
| Physical safeguards | Measures such as locking doors to safeguard data and various media from unauthorized access and exposures; a set of four standards defined by the HIPAA Security Rule, including facility access controls, workstation use, workstation security, and device an |
| Physical restraint | Any manual or mechanical device, material, or equipment attached or adjacent to a resident's body that restricts freedom of movement and prevents the resident's normal access to his or her own body |
| Physical examination report | Documentation of a physician's assessment of a patient's body systems |
| Physical data repository | A repository organized into data fields, data records, and data files, storing structured, discrete, clinical, administrative, and financial data as well as unstructured, patient free-text, bitmapped, real audio, streaming video, or vector graphic data |
| Physical data model | The lowest level of data model with the lowest level of abstraction |
| Physical access controls | 1. Security mechanisms designed to protect an organization's equipment, media, and facilities from physical damage or intrusion 2. Security mechanisms designed to prevent unauthorized physical access to health records and health record storage areas |
| Personal health record (PHR) | |
| Photochemotherapy | The combination of light and chemical therapy in treating skin diseases |
| Personal health dimension (PHD) | |
| Pharmacy information system | System that assists care providers in ordering, allocating, and administering medication; focuses on patient safety issues, especially medication errors and providing optimal patient care |
| Pharmacy benefits manager (PBM) | The vendor selected by the Bureau of Workers' Compensation to process outpatient medication bills submitted electronically |
| Pharmacy and therapeutics (P and T) committee | The multidisciplinary committee that oversees and monitors the drugs and therapeutics available for use, the administration of medications and therapeutics, and the positive and negative outcomes of medications and therapeutics used in a healthcare organi |
| Phacofragmentation | A technique whereby the lens is broken into fragments by a mechanical means or by ultrasound |
| Phacoemulsification | A cataract extraction technique that uses ultrasonic waves to fragment the lens and aspirate it out of the eye |
| Past, family, and social history (PFSH) | The patient's past experience with illnesses, hospitalizations, operations, injuries, and treatments; a review of medical events in the patient's family, including diseases that may be hereditary or place the patient at risk; age-appropriate review of pas |
| Petition for writ of certiorari | A document filed with the US Supreme Court, asking for a review of a lower court's findings |
| Peter Principle | A cynical belief that employees will advance to their highest level of competence, and then be promoted to their level of incompetence where they will remain (named after the 1993 book by Laurence J. Peter) |
| PERT chart aka program evaluation review technique chart | A project management tool that diagrams a project's time lines and tasks as well as their interdependencies |
| Personal/unique identifier | The unique name or numeric identifier that sets apart information for an individual person for research and administrative purposes |
| Personal health dimension (PHD) | One of three dimensions of the national health information network privacy concept that supports individuals in managing their own wellness and healthcare decision making |
| Personal digital assistant (PDA) | A handheld microcomputer, without a hard drive, that is capable of running applications such as e-mail and providing access to data and information, such as notes, phone lists, schedules, and laboratory results, primarily through a pen device |
| Permanent variance | A financial term the refers to the difference between the budgeted amount and the actual amount of a line item that is not expected to reverse itself during a subsequent period |
| Permanent national codes | HCPCS level II codes that provide a standard coding system managed by private and public insurers |
| Permanent employee | A person who is employed for an indefinite, ongoing period of time, typically long-term |
| Permanence | The quality of being in a constant, continuous state |
| Peritoneal dialysis | A continuous or intermittent procedure in which dialyzing solution is introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the body of metabolic waste products |
| Peripheral | Any hardware device connected to a computer (for example, a keyboard, mouse, or printer) |
| Perioperative Nursing Dataset (PNDS) | A data set developed by the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses to identify the perioperative experience of the patient from preadmission to discharge |
| Periodic performance review (PPR) | An organizational self-assessment conducted at the halfway point between triennial on-site accreditation surveys conducted by the Joint Commission |
| Perinatal death | An all-inclusive term that refers to both stillborn infants and neonatal deaths |
| Performing | The fourth of the four steps in forming a functional team, at which point each team member is in a position to work toward achieving the team's stated goals |
| Performance tests aka ability (achievement) tests | Tests used to assess the skills an individual already possesses; Also called performance tests |
| Performance standards | The stated expectations for acceptable quality and productivity associated with a job function |
| Performance review | An evaluation of an employee's job performance; See performance evaluation |
| Performance measure/measurement system | System designed to improve performance by providing feedback on whether goals have been met |
| performance indicator | A measure used by healthcare facilities to assess the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of their services |
| Performance improvement (PI) team | Members of the healthcare organization who have formed a functional or cross-functional group to examine performance issues and make recommendations for improvement |
| Performance improvement council | The leadership group that oversees performance improvement activities in healthcare organizations |
| Performance evaluation | A review of an employee's job performance; See performance review |
| Performance counseling | Guidance provided to an individual in an attempt to improve his or her work performance |
| Per-diem reimbursement | A reimbursement system based on a set payment for all of the services provided to a patient on one day rather than on the basis of actual charges |
| Per-diem rate | The cost per day derived by dividing total costs by the number of inpatient care days |
| Per diem (per day) | Type of prospective payment method in which the third-party payer reimburses the provider a fixed rate for each day a covered member is hospitalized |
| Percentage of occupancy aka inpatient bed occupancy rate | The total number of inpatient service days for a given time period divided by the total number of inpatient bed count days for the same time period; Also called percentage of occupancy |
| Percentage | A value computed on the basis of the whole divided into 100 parts |
| Per case | A method of billing in which services are charged on the basis of the total service being rendered rather than by each component of the service (for example, charging for transplantation services when the organ has been procured, the transplant has been m |
| Payment error prevention (PEPP) | Payment compliance program established under the Sixth Scope of Work to help healthcare facilities identify simple mistakes causing payment errors; monitored by Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs) |
| Partial episode payment adjustment (PEP) | A reduced episode payment that may be based on the number of service days in an episode |
| Pending | A condition during which a facility waits for payment after a bill is dropped |
| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) | |
| Peer review organization (PRO) | Until 2002, a medical organization that performed a professional review of medical necessity, quality, and appropriateness of healthcare services provided to Medicare beneficiaries; now called quality improvement organization (QIO) |
| Peer-reviewed journal | A type of professional or scientific journal for which content experts evaluate articles prior to publication; See refereed journal |
| Peer review | 1. Review by like professionals, or peers, established according to an organization's medical staff bylaws, organizational policy and procedure, or the requirements of state law; the peer review system allows medical professionals to candidly critique and |
| Pediatric service | A service that provides diagnostic and therapeutic services for patients at age of minority |
| Pediatric patient | A patient that is at an age of minority as defined by state law at the time of discharge |
| Patient care unit (PCU) | An organizational entity of a healthcare facility organized both physically and functionally to provide care |
| PC Pricer | Software module in a Medicare claim-processing system, specific to certain benefits, used in pricing claims and calculating payment rates and payments, most often under prospective payment systems |
| withhold | Portion of providers' capitated payments that managed care organizations deduct and hold in order to create an incentive for efficient or reduced utilization of healthcare services; Also called physician contingency reserve |
| withhold | Portion of providers' capitated payments that managed care organizations deduct and hold in order to create an incentive for efficient or reduced utilization of healthcare services; Also called physician contingency reserve |
| Password crackers | Software programs used to identify an unknown or forgotten password |
| password | A series of characters that must be entered to authenticate user identity and gain access to a computer or specified portions of a database |
| Pass-through | Exception to the Medicare prospective payment systems (PPSs) for a high-cost service. The exception minimizes the negative financial impact of the lump-sum payments of the PPSs. Pass-throughs are not included in the PPSs and are passed through to cost-bas |
| Part-time employee | An employee who works less than the full-time standard of 40 hours per week, 80 hours per two-week period, or 8 hours per day |
| Partnership | The business venture of two or more owners for whom the profits represent the owners' personal income |
| Participating physicians (PARs) | Physicians who sign an agreement with Medicare to accept assignment for all services provided to Medicare beneficiaries for the duration of the agreement |
| Participant observation | A research method in which researchers also participate in the observed actions |
| Partial mastectomy | The partial removal of breast tissue, leaving the breast nearly intact; sometimes called a lumpectomy |
| Partial hospitalization | A limited patient stay in the hospital setting, typically as part of a transitional program to a less intense level of service; for example, psychiatric and drug and alcohol treatment facilities that offer services to help patients reenter the community, |
| Partial episode payment (PEP) adjustment | A reduced episode payment that may be based on the number of service days in an episode |
| Par level | The accepted, standard inventory level for all supplies and equipment in an organization |
| Pareto chart | A bar graph that includes bars arranged in order of descending size to show decisions on the prioritization of issues, problems, or solutions |
| Parametric technique | A type of statistical procedure that is based on the assumption that a variable is normally distributed in a population |
| Parallel work division | A type of concurrent work design in which one employee does several tasks and takes the job from beginning to end |
| Paradigm | A philosophical or theoretical framework within which a discipline formulates its theories and makes generalizations |
| Panel interview | An interview format in which the applicant is interviewed by several interviewers at the same time |
| Palliative care | A type of medical care designed to relieve the patient's pain and suffering without attempting to cure the underlying disease |
| Packet switching | An information transmission system in which data are encoded into short units (packets) and sent through an electronic communications network |
| Packaging | A payment under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system that includes items such as anesthesia, supplies, certain drugs, and the use of recovery and observation rooms |
| Package Code | The part of the National Drug Code that identifies package size |
Created by:
adluch1984