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spacekibby2
chapter 19: galaxies, stars, and universe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| spectrum | the band of color produced when white light passes through a prism |
| apparent magnitude | the brightness of a star as seen from the Earth |
| absolute magnitude | the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light years from Earth |
| light year | the distance that light travels in one year |
| parallax | the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations |
| red giant | a large reddish star late in its life cycle. fusing helium to other heavier elements |
| white dwarf | a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star |
| H-R Diagram | Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graph that shows the relationship between a star's surface temperature and absolute magnitude. |
| Main sequence | the location on the H-R diagram where most stars lie. (Hydrogen is being fused to helium) |
| Supernova | a gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space |
| neutron star | a star that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons |
| pulsar | a rapidly spinning neutron star that emits rapid pulses of radio and optical energy |
| black hole | an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravity |
| galaxy | a collection of stars, dust and gas bound together by gravity |
| nebula | a large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born or where stars explode at teh end of their lives |
| globular cluster | s tight group of stars that looks like a ball and contains up to 1 million stars |
| open cluster | a group of stars that are close together relative to surrounding stars |
| quasar | a very luminus, starlike object that generates energy at a high rate; quasars are thought to be the most distant objects in the universe |
| cosmology | the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe |
| big bang theory | the theory that states the universe began with a tremendous explosion 13.7 billion years ago |
| * life cycle of a star diagram: can you interpret and answer questions based on it? | Be able to do the same thing as your "pop" quiz. Do you know the order? What each part means? |
| *H-R diagram: can you interpret and answer questions based on it? | what is on its axes? Where certain stars are located? Where is the main sequence? |
| *magnitude | bright vs dim stars |
| *asscoiation between color, temperature, and age of a star | For example: blue stars= very hot and young in age |
| *know the life cycle of stars | 1. describe each stage 2. know the order of the diagram 3. relate it to our sun 4. how do we know which path a star will follow |
| *know how stars form | ex: in a stellar nebula that is made of gas and dust and is pulled together by gravity. makes protostar |
| *know types of galaxies and their characterisitcs | use galaxy handout to help: know which is our galaxy, the types of stars in each |
| *what will happen to the universe | according to scientists- there are multiple possibilities |
| *why do scientists study distant galaxies | this is an objective from section 3 and a bell work question- be able to explain |
| *know absorption lines and emission lines | How are they related? What does each look like? What do they tell us? |
| * how do we figure the age of the universe? | there are 2 ways... |
| * cosmic background radiation | what is it? what does it show us? |
| * what binds a galaxy together | gravity of course! |
| *know the scale of the universe | think about our galactic address activity |
| *open clusters and globular clusters | what are they, how do they differ |
| * neutron star and pulsar | what are they, how do they differ |
Created by:
kibbylj
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