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Unit 8
US History - Standards 20-21
Cold War | tension and arms race between USA and USSR from 1945-1991; no actual fighting between these two countries happened |
Containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its current borders; prohibit spread of communism |
NATO - North Atlantic Treat Organization | created for mutual defense of Western Europe amid fears of atomic armed USSR |
Truman Doctrine | USA foreign policy; United States’ belief that communism would infiltrate those areas of Europe that were left weakened by the effects of World War II. |
Marshall Plan | plan to combat negative economic impacts of WWII in Europe to prevent countries from turning to communism; give countries money to help rebuild economy and support democracy |
Korean War | communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea; China supported N. Korea & US supported S. Korea; war ends with two nations created and neutral zone established on 38th parallel |
G.I. Bill | passed by Congress to protect and reward returning servicemen; low interest loans, grants for college, etc. |
McCarthyism | derogatory term for baseless accusations that was popularized by Senator Joseph McCarthy’s witch hunt against communism in the USA |
National Interstate and Defense Highway Act | 1956 ; create highways for strategic transportation of troops and supplies; forever changed population patterns and grows suburbia |
Brown v. Board of Education | “...in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” - integrates schools; overturns Plessy v. Ferguson |
Harry S. Truman | 33rd US President - who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II- dropped the bombs |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | 34th US President - American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe, and commanded D-Day. |
sputnik | first man-made earth satellite launched by Soviet Union; surprised the US & led to more math & science education |
NASA - National Aeronautics & Space Administration | government organization promotion space research and travel; made in US after Sputnik launched |
Massive Retaliation | Eisenhower's plan that the United States would answer any military attack with all out military and atomic capacity |
Domino Theory | the idea that if one nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control; promoted by Eisenhower; led to intervention in Vietnam |
Bay of Pigs | US and CIA attempt to carry out a coup against Castro (Cuba). Epic Failure and Castro gets support from the Soviets |
Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962- Castro allows Soviets to put nuclear missiles aimed at US in Cuba. Both sides agree to remove nuclear weapons farther away from each other. |
John F Kennedy (JFK) | 35th President. 1st to debate on TV and president during Vietnam and Civil Rights legislation supporter. Assassinated in Dallas, Tx in 1963 |
Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) | Becomes the 36th President after the assassination of JFK. Civil Rights Act 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, & Great Society |
Vietnam War | containment issue where North Vietnam invades South Vietnam pushing communism. The US aids Southern Vietnam but pull out of the war in 1973 |
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | issued by Congress that gave the President authorization to conduct military operations in Southeast Asia without a formal declaration of war |
Vietcong | communist backed Vietnamese group that fought using guerrilla tactics. |
Great Society | program that was a way to attack the endemic problem of poverty in the US. launched by LBJ |
Medicare | federal government program that provides health care coverage (health insurance) if you are 65+ - part of the Great Society |
Medicaid | federal government program that provides health coverage for some low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. |
Civil Rights Act of 1964 | outlawed major forms of discrimination against Blacks and women. The law ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and the racial segregation of schools, places of work, and facilities that served the general public. |
Voting Rights Act of 1965 | made it illegal for Black voters to be disenfranchised through unfair voter registration criteria. It ended the practice of using literacy tests as a qualification to vote and mandated federal oversight of elections in Southern States. |
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | non-violent student led organization that fought for civil rights; sit-ins, freedom Summer, & Freedom Rides |
Martin Luther King Jr | Civil Rights leader that supported non-violent tactics to fight for Civil Rights. arrested many times. |
Letter from Birmingham Jail | open letter written to write christian leaders in defense of the non-violent methods being used to attack racism |
March on Washington/"I Have a Dream" Speech | March that led to a speech in front of Lincoln Memorial at 1963 March on Washington called forth an ideal in which racism and bigotry would end and all races could live in harmony with one another. |
Cesar Chavez | He organized Latino laborers in California to fight for civil rights in similar fashions |
Robert (Bobby) Kennedy | brother of JFK that was the democratic candidate for president; assassinated in 1968 while campaigning |
Tet Offensive | January attack on Vietnamese new year - One hundred South Vietnamese cities were attacked simultaneously by the Vietcong; made US look bad |
Richard Nixon | 37th president who was elected in 1968 promising to end the Vietnam War. 1st president to go to China and open trade relations/business and EPA-resigns before impeachment |
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sdevans
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