| Question | Answer |
| __________ is anything that has mass and takes up space. | Matter |
| ___________ is the ability to do work or cause change. | Energy |
| ___________ is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. | Chemistry |
| What are the two groups of properties used to identify, describe, and classify matter? | 1) physical properties;
2) chemical properties |
| A single kind of matter that has distinct physical and chemical properties is called a ___________. | substance |
| Color, texture, odor, and the temperature at which a substance melts are example of ___________ properties. | physical |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means is an ____________. | element |
| A substance that is made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio is a ____________. | compound |
| A ____________ is made from two or more substances--elements, compounds, or both--that are in the same place but are not chemically combined. | mixture |
| Two ways that mixtures differ from compounds | 1) The substances in a mixture keep their individual properties; 2) The parts of a mixture are not necessarily present in set ratios |
| What are 2 kinds of changes in matter? | physical changes & chemical changes |
| A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance is a _____________ change. | physical |
| What are the 3 principal states of matter? | 1) solids; 2) liquids; 3) gases |
| A change in matter that produces new substances is a _____________ change. | chemical |
| Things that can occur in a chemical change or reaction: | 1) compounds may be broken down into elements; 2) elements may combine to form compounds; 3) compounds may change into other compounds |
| Is this a physical or chemical change? Milk turns sour. | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical change? Wood is chopped in half. | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical change? Wood is burned. | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical change? Ice melts into liquid water. | physical |
| True or false: Energy is always involved when physical and chemical changes in matter occur. | true |
| Who named the atom? | A Greek philosopher, Democritus |
| Who developed the atomic theory? | John Dalton |
| What part of the atom has a positive charge? | proton |
| What part of the atom has no charge? | neutron |
| What part of the atom has a negative charge? | electron |
| What parts of the atom make up the nucleus? | protons and neutrons |
| Where is most of the atom's mass? | the nucleus |
| Where in the atom are the electrons found? | on the electron shells or orbitals |
| How many electrons can the first shell hold? | 2 |
| How many electrons can the second shell hold? | 8 |
| How many electrons can the third shell hold? | 18 |
| If you add food coloring to water, is that a physical or chemical change? | physical |
| If a bicycle is rusting, is that a physical or chemical change? | chemical |
| If you mix sugar in water, is that a physical or chemical change? | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? state of matter | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? flammability | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? boiling point | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? shape | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? reaction with acid | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? weight | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? oxidizing | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? rusting | chemical |
| Is this a physical or chemical property? magnetic | physical |
| Is this a physical or chemical change? toasting marshmallows | chemical |
| What state of matter are ice cubes? | solid |
| What state of matter is water? | liquid |
| What state of matter is water vapor? | gas |
| What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid? | freezing |
| When a substance changes from a solid to a gas WITHOUT passing through the liquid state, what word describes the change? | sublimation |
| The "fog" created by dry ice at room temperature is an example of _________________. | sublimation |
| What is it called when a gas changes to a liquid? | condensation |
| What state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume? Its atoms are tightly packed. | solid |
| What state of matter has an indefinite shape, but a definite volume? It takes the shape of its container. | liquid |
| What state of matter has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume? The atoms are spaced far apart and often collide. | gas |
| What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid? | melting |
| What is it called when the surface of a liquid is changing into a gas? | evaporation |
| What is it called when a liquid becomes a gas, either through evaporation or boiling? | vaporization |
| The energy that the particles of a substance have is called ________ energy. | thermal |
| The resistance of a liquid to flowing is called _________. | viscosity |
| Do liquids with high viscosity flow quickly or slowly? | slowly |
| When clouds form from water vapor in the sky, this is an example of __________. | condensation |
| When liquid water changes into water vapor, this is an example of _____________. | vaporization |
| When a rain puddle dries up, this is an example of ___________. | evaporization |
| To change from a solid to a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat). | requires heat |
| To change from a gas to a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat). | gives off heat |
| To change from a liquid to a solid (requires heat or gives off heat). | gives off heat |
| To change from a liquid to a gas (requires heat or gives off heat). | requires heat |
| How do we change from one state of matter to another? | add or take away heat |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) is ________. | matter |
| The measure of the total amount of matter in any object is its _________. | mass |
| Volume is expressed in what units? | liter, milliliter, and cubic centimeters |