| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| 1882-1971 | Igor Stravinsky |
| Studied under Rimsky-Korsakov | Stravinsky |
| The Firebird ballet | Stravinsky |
| Petrushka (ballet) | Stravinsky |
| The Rite of Spring | Stravinsky |
| one of his pieces incited a riot | Stravinsky (The Rite of Spring) |
| Symphony of Psalms | Stravinsky |
| Moved to Hollywood in 1940 | Stravinsky |
| The Rake's Progress (opera) | Stravinsky |
| Wrote an opera with libretto by W.H. Auden | Stravinsky |
| Adopted twelve-tone system and composed the ballet Argon | Stravinsky |
| Scherzo fantastique; Fireworks (orchestral works) | Stravinsky |
| The Soldier's Tale (after World War I) | Stravinsky |
| Rag-time; Piano Rag-Music | Stravinsky |
| comic opera Mavra | Stravinsky |
| Oedipus Rex; Persephone; Apollo (written for George Balanchine) | Stravinsky |
| friends with Robert Craft | Stravinsky |
| Buried in Venice (near Diaghliev's grave) | Stravinsky |
| 1874-1951 | Arnold Schoenberg |
| Austrian pioneer of dodecaphony (twelve-tone system) | Schoenberg |
| influenced by Wagner and Richard Strauss | Schoenberg |
| Transfigured Night (for strings) | Schoenberg |
| Sprechstimme | halfway between singing and speaking (German for "speech voice") |
| Pierrot lunaire (a Sprechstimme piece) | Schoenberg |
| his students: Alban Berg and Anton Webern | Schoenberg |
| Moved from Berlin to L.A. in 1933 | Schoenberg |
| A Survivor from Warsaw | Schoenberg |
| Moses and Aaron (uncompleted opera) | Schoenberg |
| taught at University of California at Los Angeles from 1936 to 1944 | Schoenberg |
| String Trio | Schoenberg |
| 1913-1976 | Benjamin Britten |
| Reviver of the opera in the U.K. | Britten |
| Peter Grimes (story of a fisherman who kills two of his apprentices) | Britten |
| Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge (his composition teacher) | Britten |
| wrote incidental music for works by his friend W.H. Auden | Britten |
| worked with the tenor Peter Pears | Britten |
| Founded the Aldeburgh Festival of Music | Britten |
| Billy Budd; The Turn of the Screw; Death in Venice (operas) | Britten |
| The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra | Britten |
| War Requiem (based on poems by Wilfred Owen) | Britten |
| Britten's first opera | Paul Bunyan |
| The Rape of Lucretia; Alvert Herring | Britten |
| based on part of The Borough by George Crabbe | Peter Grimes (by Britten) |
| A Midsummer Night's Dream; Gloriana (to commemorate the coronation of Elizabeth II); Owen Wingrave | Britten |
| Noye's Fludde; The Prodigal Son | Britten |
| Elizabeth II made him Baron ____ of Aldeburgh | Britten |
| 1900-1990 | Aaron Copland |
| first American student of Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1920s | Copland |
| Organ Symphony; Music for the Theater | Copland |
| El Salon Mexico | Copland |
| Billy the Kid; Rodeo (ballets) | Copland |
| Appalachian Spring (ballet featuring "Simple Gifts") | Copland |
| Third Symphony (contains Fanfare for the Common Man) | Copland |
| Lincoln Portrait (includes spken portions of Lincoln's writings) | Copland |
| What to Listen For in Music (educational book) | Copland |
| studied under Rubin Goldmark | Copland |
| The Second Hurricane (opera for high school students) | Copland |
| Of Mice and Men; Our Town (film scores) | Copland |
| The Heiress (film score that won him the 1949 Academy Award for best dramatic film score) | Copland |
| Connotations (commisioned for the opening of Lincoln Center in New York City); Inscape; Proclamation | Copland |
| The New Music; Music and Imagination; ____ on Music (books) | Copland |
| 1891-1953 | Sergei Prokofiev |
| First, or Classical Symphony | Prokofiev |
| The Love for Three Oranges (opera) | Prokofiev |
| Peter and the Wolf | Prokofiev |
| Alexander Nevsky (cantata); Lieutenant Kije (suite) [film scores] | Prokofiev |
| Died on the same day as Stalin, March 5 (outlived Stalin by a few hours) | Prokofiev |
| Scythian Suite; The Prodigal Son | Prokofiev |
| Chout (the Buffoon); Le Pas d'acier (The Steel Step) [ballets for Diaghilev] | Prokofiev |
| Rome and Juliet (ballet); War and Peace (opera) | Prokofiev |
| Censured for "excessive formalism" | Prokofiev |
| Tale of a Real Man (opera) | Prokofiev |
| His 7th Symphony won him the 1952 Stalin Prize | Prokofiev |
| Died as rehearsals began for Tale of the Stone Flower (ballet) | Prokofiev |
| 1906-1975 | Dmitri Shostakovich |
| The Nose; Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (operas) | Shostakovich |
| Leningrad Symphony | Shostakovich |
| Received the Order of Lenin in 1956 | Shostakovich |
| Awarded the Stalin prize several times; in 1966 became the first composer to receive the Hero of Socialist Labor award | Shostakovich |
| Had a technical mastery of the orchestra; Used melodies reminscent of Gypsy (Romani) tunes popular in eastern Europe | Shostakovich |
| 1881-1945 | Bela Bartok |
| Roamed the Hungarian countryside with Zoltan Kodaly, collecting peasant tunes | Bartok |
| Duke Bluebeard's Castle (opera) | Bartok |
| The Wooden Prince (ballet) | Bartok |
| The Miraculous Mandarin (ballet) | Bartok |
| Mikrokosmos | Bartok |
| Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta | Bartok |
| Kossuth (symphonic poem) | Bartok |
| Concerto for Orchestra; Out of Doors | Bartok |
| Dance Suite; Divertimento; Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion | Bartok |
| 1887-1954 | Charles Ives |
| His father, George, was a local Connecticut businessman and bandleader | Ives |
| Studied music at Yale, but turned to insurance sales | Ives |
| His insurance firm was the largest in New York during the 1910s | Ives |
| Second Piano (Concord) Sonata (with movements named after Emerson, Hawthorne, Alcott, and Thoreau) | Ives |
| Three Places in New England | Ives |
| Won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for his Third symphony | Ives |
| "General William Booth Enters Into Heaven" (based on a poem by Vachel Lindsay) | Ives |
| Variations on "America" (for organ) | Ives |
| Holidays; Three Quarter-Tone Pieces; 114 Songs (symphonies) | Ives |
| Essays Before a Sonata (writings) | Ives |
| Married Harmony Twitchell | Ives |
| 1875-1937 | Maurice Ravel |
| Rapsodie espagnole | Ravel |
| Bolero | Ravel |
| student of Gabriel Faure | Ravel |
| Pavane for a Dead Princess | Ravel |
| the French Conservatory overlooked him for the Prix de Rome four ties | Ravel |
| Daphnis et Chloe (ballet) | Ravel |
| Mother Goose; La Valse (ballet) | Ravel |
| re-orchestrated Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition | Ravel |
| his health declined after a 1932 taxi accident | Ravel |
| unsuccessful brain surgery ended his life | Ravel |
| Miroirs; Gaspard de la nuit | Ravel |
| Fountains; Le Tombeau de Couperin; | Ravel |
| The Child and the Enchantments | Ravel |
| 1898-1937 | George Gershwin |
| worked with his older brother Ira | Gershwin |
| Rhapsody in Blue | Gershwin |
| Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra | Gershwin |
| Porgy and Bess (opera based on a story by DuBose Heyward) | Gershwin |
| "Swanee" | Gershwin |
| Of Thee I Sing (musical that was the first to win a Pulitzer Prize in drama [1931]) | Gershwin |
| died of a brain tumor at age 38 | Gershwin |
| Studied with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell, Wallingford Rieger, and Joseph Schillinger | Gershwin |
| George's White Sandals | Gershwin |
| Lady Be Good | Gershwin |
| Funny Face | Gershwin |
| An American in Paris | Gershwin |
| "The Man I Love"; "I Got Rhythm"; "Someone to Watch Over Me" | Gershwin |
| 1912-1992 | John Cage |
| American student of Arnold Schoenberg and Henry Cowell | Cage |
| Dada composer/aleatory or "chance" music | Cage |
| Imaginary Landscape No 4 (used 12 radios tuned to different stations) | Cage |
| 4'33" (for piano) | Cage |
| invented the "prepared piano" | Cage |
| Credo in US | Cage |
| collaborated with dancer Merce Cunningham | Cage |
| Sonatas and Interludes (won him an award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and a Guggenheim Fellowship) | Cage |
| Music of Changes (chance music, using the book I Ching, or Book of Changes) | Cage |
| Silence (book that chronicled the development of his thinking) | Cage |
| HPSCHD (collaboration with Lejaren Hiller) | Cage |
| Renga (included drawings by Thoreau) | Cage |
| Apartment House 1776 (mixed-media piece for musicircus-two orcehstras and four vocalists) | Cage |
| Europeras 1/2 (his first opera) | Cage |
| 1872-1958 | Ralph Vaughan Williams |
| Revived the Tudor style and folk traditions in English music | Vaughan Williams |
| Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis | Vaughan Williams |
| Second (London) Symphony | Vaughan Williams |
| First (Sea) Symphony; Third (Pastoral) Symphony; Seventh (sinfonia antarctica) | Vaughan Williams |
| The Lark Ascending (based on a poem by George Meredith) | Vaughan Williams |
| Sir John in Love (Shakesperarean opera featuring Fantasia on Greensleeves) | Vaughan Williams |
| Hugh the Drover (opera) | Vaughan Williams |
| The Pilgrim's Progress (opera) | Vaughan Williams |
| Studied with Max Bruch and Maurice Ravel | Vaughan Williams |
| Served as a music editor for the English Hymnal (book, as well as Songs of Praise and The Oxford Book of Carols) | Vaughan Williams |
| Benedicite (Blessed Be) | Vaughan Williams |
| Job: A Masque of Dancing | Vaughan Williams |
| a setting of Riders to the Sea (by J.M. Synge, an Irish playwright) | Vaughan Williams |
| Conducted at the Leith Hill Music Festival from 1909 to 1953 | Vaughan Williams |
| 1873-1943 | Sergei Rachmaninoff |
| Twice turned down conductorship of the Boston Symphony Orchestra | Rachmaninoff |
| C-Sharp Minor Prelude | Rachmaninoff |
| Treated by hypnosis in 1901 | Rachmaninoff |
| Second Piano Concerto (known as Rocky II) | Rachmaninoff |
| The Isle of the Dead (symphonic poem) | Rachmaninoff |
| Moved to the U.S. in 1917 | Rachmaninoff |
| Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini | Rachmaninoff |
| Took piano from his cousin Aleksander Siloti (who took from Franz Liszt) | Rachmaninoff |
| Also studied with Anton Arensky, Sergey Taneyev, and Peter Tchaikovsky | Rachmaninoff |
| Aleko (opera) | Rachmaninoff |
| 2nd Trio elegiaque (written in memory of Tchaikovsky) | Rachmaninoff |
| Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom | Rachmaninoff |
| The Bells (choral symphony based on the poem by Poe) | Rachmaninoff |
| All-Night Vigil (Vesper Mass) | Rachmaninoff |
| Variations on a Theme of Corelli | Rachmaninoff |
