| Question | Answer |
| Name the four classifications of bones | 1. Long Bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones |
| example of a long bone | femur humerus |
| example of a short bone | carpals tarsals |
| example of a flat bone | scull scapula ribs |
| example of a irregular bone | vertebrae |
| structure of a long bone | diaphysis - periosteum - epiphysis - articular cartilage |
| describe diaphysis | shaft of the bone, dense compact bone covered by a hard outer casingq |
| periosteum | hard outer casing of the bone |
| epiphysis | bone end less dense spongy bone covered by articular cartilage |
| articular cartilage | covers the bone ends and allows the bones to move more freely over each other and ot protect the bone beneath from possible friction |
| Name the five functions of the skeleton | Storage - Shape - Protection - Production - Movement |
| What does the skeleton store? | In the long bones there is a storage of mineral like calcium and phosphorus necessary for bone health |
| Shape? | The skeleton gives us our supportive framework giving us our charateristic shape. |
| Protection? | The skeleton protects delicate structures . the skull protects the brain |
| Production? | Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. White blood cells contribute to the bodys defensive system. |
| What is osteoporosis? | Brittle bone disease. |
| What is a joint | When two or more bones meet to form a joint whether they allow movement or not. |
| Ligaments connect | bone to bone prevent unwanted movement make joints more stable |
| Name the three types of joints | Immoveable Slightly moveable Freely moveable |
| Immoveable fibrous fixed joint | no joint cavity bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue little or no movement possible |
| Bone is classified as what? | Connective tissue |
| Ossification means what? | When calcium and minerals are deposited on cartilage which then hardens and becomes bone. |
| Osteoblasts are cells which? | create new bone |
| Osteoclasts are cells which? | remove existing bone |
| What age does the skeleton mature | 25 |
| To which age to the bones get stronger | 35 |
| Risk factors contributing to osteoparosis | low body fat percentages (less 20pc) smoking excessive alcohol sedentry lifestyle inadequate diet insufficient calcium intake |
| Which hormones work in favour of osteoblasts? | Ostrogen in women Testosterone in men Calcitonin (from thyroid) and calcium intake. |
| According to Wolfs Law which percentage of skeleton is replaced by a healthy regular active person | 10per cent |
| Description of long bones | Act as levers greater in length long diaphysis variable number of epipyses most are slightly curved (shock absorbers at different points) |
| description of short bones | Strong less mobile than long bones cubed shaped equal in length than width spongy bone tissue (except on surface which is thin layer compact bone) |
| description of flat bones | vary in shape generally thin parallel plates of compact bone enclosing layer of spongy bone tissue provide a large surface for muscle attachment |
| decscripton of irregular bones | bones which cannot be grouped into any other category eg vertebrae |