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DOE RCT Core Exam Word Search Puzzle

Question	Answer
SI Prefixes	M^6,k^3,u^-6,p^-12
Work	force through distance
Force	change of speed or direction
Energy	ability to do work
Kinetic energy	energy of motion
Potential energy	energy of position
Thermal energy	heat energy
Chemical energy	new substances are produced
Atomic #	(z) protonz
Atomic Mass #	(A) protonz and neutrons
Atomic Mass	AMU
Atomic Weight	% abundance
Periods	rows
Groups	columns
Valence Shell	ground state atom
Valence Electrons	electrons in a valence shell
Nucleon	neutrons and protonz
Nuclide	constitution of the nucleus
Isotope	same # protonz, different # of neutrons
Mass & energy	are interchangeable
Pair annihilation	2 particles collide make energy
Mass defect	sum of masses of p+n+e minus mass of the atom
Binding Energy	binds the nucleus
BE per nucleon	BE / # nucleons
Fission	splitting
Critical E for fission	to the point of separation
Criticality	new = old
Fusion	joins
Terrestrial radiation	28 mrem
Cosmic radiation	27 mrem
Internal emitters	39 mrem
Inhaled	200 mrem
Nuclear fallout	<1 mrem
Medical exposure	53 mrem
Consumer products	10 mrem
Nuclear facilities	<1 mrem
Nuclear stability	arrangement of n & p
Nuclear force	independent of charge
Increase in Z#	p/n ratio increase
Radioactivity	spontaneously emit radiation
Radioactive decay	spontaneously disintegrates
Alpha	2 p, 2 n
Beta	-1 charge, 5.49E-4 AMU
Gamma	excited nuclei, use lead
Alpha Decay	Z-2
Beta Decay	Z+1
Positron Decay	Z-1, +beta
2 aspects of decay	Modes, Rate
Fission products	too big a n/p ratio
Radioactive series	Uranium, Thorium, Actinium, Neptunium
Curie	dps of radium
Becquerel	1 dps-60dpm
Roentgen	exposure
Rad	absorbed dose 100ergs/g
Gray	1J/kg - 100 Rad
H=DQ	H=rem or sievert, D=Rad or gray,Q=quality factor
Dose equivalent	absorbed dose * quality factor
Quality factors	Rays=1, slow=3, fast=10, alpha=20
Ionization	removal of an electron of a neutral atom
Excitation	moves to a higher energy state
Bremsstrahlung	energy loss as it reacts with matter
Specific ionization	ion pairs/path length
Stopping power	removes energy
Alpha transfer	ionization, excitation
Beta transfer	Ionization, excitation, Bremsstrahlung
Gamma interaction	Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production
Photoelectric effect	all or nothing energy loss
Compton scattering	only part of the energy is transferred
Pair production	disappears
4 catagories of neutrons	thermal (~.025eV), intermediate (0.5eV), fast (100KeV), relativistic (>20MeV)
3 results of neutron capture	gamma, charged particles, fission
Elastic scattering	strikes and transfers SOME of its energy
Inelastic scattering	strikes, transfers most of the energy
Cell Membrane	regulates concentrations, 3-5k rads to rupture
Cytoplasm	jelly stuff, negligible
Mitochondria	supplies energy, few k rad to disrupt
Lysosomes	digestive enzymes, 500-1k rads to rupture
Nucleus	directs cell activity, most sensitive
Chromosomes	supercoils of DNA
Bergonie and Tribondeau law	radiosensitivity is directly proportional to its reproductive capability
Water	free radical and ion
secondary	hydrogen peroxide
Stochastic	no threshold, cancer
Non-stochastic	threshold, cataracts, infertility
LD 50/30	50% of exposed die within 30 days
Chronic radiation	low dose, long time, cancer
Hematopoietic system	200-1000 rad
GI tract	1-5k rad, weight loss
Central NS	>5k rad, death
4 stages of rad poisoning	prodromal, latent illness, recovery or death
Fetal doses	25 rad=development changes, 400-600 rad=death of fetus
Somatic	not passed on
Heritable	passed on
Purpose of the DOE rad manual	don't get dose unless its beneficial
Shall	Mandatory
Should	follow or find alternate
Pre-job ALARA	risk analysis
Pre-job brief	procedures, qualifications, emergencies
Post-job ALARA	unusual exposure events investigated
Post-job briefing	critique work performance
Minimizing personal exposure	time, distance shielding, amount
6CEN	C=Source activity, E=(gamma1 X %)+(gamma 2 X%), N=# fo gamma/disintegrations
Source reduction	decay, decon, reduce, discharge, move
Line source equation	I1d^2=I2d^2
Point source equation	I1d1=I2d2
HLV	I (shielded)=I(unshielded X (1/2)^n
ALI	single radionuclide
DAC	divide ALI by the volume
Biological 1/2 life	independent of the physical 1/2 life
Blocking agent	saturates with a stable element
Diluting agent	reduces the bodies incorporation of radioactive atoms
Mobilizing agent	increases the natural turnover process
Chelating agent	insoluble to soluble
Current	amp, electrons past a point in a circuit
Voltage	volts, potential difference
Resistance	ohms, opposes flow
Ionization detectors	ion pairs, (GM tubes)
Excitation detectors	excites the atom (TLDs)
Chemical detectors	causes a chemical change (film badges)
Gas amplication curve	RIPLGC
Ion chamber detectors	before they can recombine
Proportional detectors	single very large pulse
Resolving time	initial pulse to next pulse measured
Dead time	initial pulse to next pulse produced
Recovery time	full size pulse to next full sized pulse
Gas filled detector discrimination	shielding, gas specific, pulse height
Scintillation detector	excitation, emits light when excited
Photomultiplier	detect scintillation
Photocathode	converts lightphotons to electrons
Dynode assembly	amplify the signal
Anode	collect the electron and generate a pulse
Voltage divider network	splits the high voltage into potentials
Shell	seals the tube
Boron activation	slow neutron detection, strike Boron-10, alpha emitted
Fission chambers	slow neutron detection, U-235
Activation Foils	slow neutron detection, absorb neutrons of a specific energy
Proton recoil	fast neutron detection, elastic scattering with Hydrogen atoms
Semiconductor	electrons moves from the valance to conduction leaving holes (electron-hole pairs)
GeLi system	High resolution, short response time, gamma only, keep cool
HPGe system	portable, room temperature, expensive
Dose equivalent in rem	rads*Q
Minimize ingestion by	not smoking
Fission products contain too many	neutrons
Which neutron has the least amount of K.E.?	thermal
The effective 1/2 life is <,>,= to the radioactive 1/2 life?	<
EES	English system
Q relates____to ____?	absorbed dose to dose equivalent