Question | Answer |
Relinquished | to retire from, give up |
Uninterrupted | Having undisturbed continuity |
Benevolent | Characterized by doing good |
Proletariat | The property less class of Ancient Rome |
Luxuriousness | Of a costly variety |
Amphitheatre | An arena were contests are held |
Anarchy | Absence of any form of political authority |
Retrospect | A review, survey, or comtemplation of things in the past |
Disintegration | Seperation into component parts |
Abdicate | To relinquish power |
Confiscation | To seize private property |
Requisition | A formal, written request for something needed |
Catastrophic | Extremely harmful |
Octavian Caesar | Established empire, first emperor |
Tiberius | Second emperor of Rome, suffered from paranoia, killed right-hand man |
Caligula | Third emperor of Rome, wanted horse to be co-consel, "Caligula" means "small boots" |
Claudius | Caligula was his nephew, was killed by his wife so her son, Nero, could be the emperor. He conquered England |
Nero | 5th Emperor, set the Great Fire, eventually commited suicide, started persecutions of teh Christians |
Vespasian | Brought prosperity, reformation for the army, and the Colosseum to the Roman citizens |
Titus | Finished construction on the Colosseum, captured Jerusalem in 70 AD |
Domitian | Completed the conquest of Britain |
Trajan | Compassionate to the poor, had most land of any emperor |
Hadrian | Built Hadrian's wall |
Marcus Aurelius | Rome began to decline under his rule, most intelligent of emperors, was a stoic philosopher, ended Pax Romana |
Commodus | Violent ruler, thought he was Hercules, re-built the city and named it after himself |
Diocletian | Divided the empire into East and West, took the Eastern part b/c it was wealthier |
Constantine | Halted persecution of Christians, was baptised on his deathbed |
Theodosius | Prohibited Pagan practice, made Christianity the official religion of Rome |
Pliny the Elder | Was a historian who died at Pompeii |
Ptolemy | Believed that earth was the center of the universe |
Galen | Was into botany, medicine, zoology, and wrote a medical encyclopedia |
Poppus | wrote a book about five different machines |
Diophantus | Greek mathematican who was first to write a book on Algebra |
Livy | An early Roman historian who wrote about Roman heros |
Virgil | Wrote the story of Aenus, Romulus, and Remus |
Tacitus | Historian who wrote about the early empire |
Plutarch | Greek write who wrote about famous Greek and Roman people |
Horace | Roman lyric poet |
Ovid | Poet who was known for his poems on love |
Seneca | Philosopher and tutor of Nero |
Peter | First biship of Rome |
Jesus | Teacher whose teachings were the basis for Christianity |
Gaiseric | King of the Vandals who sacked Rome |
Attila | King of the Huns, was very feared by the Romans |
Alaric | King of the Visigoths and conquered Rome in 410 AD |
Odoacer | Got rid of Romulus Augustas, ending the Western Roman Empire to an end |
Aetius | Defeated Attila the Hun |
27 BCE | Beginning of the Empire, Octavian, Pax Romana |
6 BCE | Year given for the birth of Christ |
30 AD | Year of Christ's crucifixion |
37 AD | Roman invasion and conquest of Britain |
64 AD | Great fire of Rome, start of the Christian persecutions |
66-70 AD | 1st Jewish Revolt |
70 AD | 2nd Jewish Temple destroyed |
73 AD | Destruction of Masada |
79 AD | Mt. Vesuivius erupts, destroys Pompeii and Herculanum |
117 AD | Height of the Roman Empire |
120 AD | The Pantheon is built |
122-130 AD | Hadrian's Wall is built in Britain |
135 AD | 2nd Jewish Revolt, start of the Diaspora |
193 AD | Creation of modern concrete |
212 AD | All free people within the Roman boundarys are given citizenship to Rome |
313 AD | Edict of Milan (Stopped the persecution of the Christians) |
330 AD | Constantinople is the capitol of the Roman Empire |
378 AD | Visigoths win the battle of Adrianople |
392 AD | Theodosius proclaims Christianity the official religion of Rome |
410 AD | Visigoths sack Rome |
425 AD | 1st University is established |
451 AD | Attila the Hun is defeated at the Battle of Chalons by Aetius |
455 AD | Vandals sack Rome |
476 AD | End of the Roman empire with Romulus Augustas |
What was the Forum? | The public meeting place, had public buildings |
Temples/Basilicas | They were places of worship |
Public Baths | Self explanatory, public bathing areas |
Aqueducts | Provided water for the sewer and public baths |
olosseum/Ampitheatre | Places where competitions took place |
Circus Maximus | Where chariot racing took place |
Arches | Were meant to represent victory |
What were columns for? | They represented victory |
What did towns always have? | Paved roads, concrete, domes, archways, and most citizens lived in 5 story apartments |
What was Pax Romana? | "Roman Peace" |
How many people did Rome have at its height? | Over 1 million people |
How many people were citizens in Rome? | Over 100 million people |
How many soldiers did the army have? | About half a million |
What did Octavian do for the Empire? | He: Cut the army almost in half, Gives land and money to soldiers when they retire, established the Praetorian Guard, made the Empire stable, and worked well with the senate |
What is the Praetorian Guard? | They are the body guards of the emperor |
What happened during Pax Romana? | It was generally peaceful, there were small battles but it did not disrupt economic freedom |
What helped to unify the military and act as peace-keepers? | The roads; it made travel safer and easier |
What land did Trajan conquer? | Britain, modern-day Romania, and Mesopotamia |
What happened to the emperors due to the Jewish revolts? | In the 1st Century AD, some met violent deaths |
How large was the empire at its height? | 2000 miles N to S, 3000 W to E |
How many (estimated) miles of roads did the empire have? | About 47,000 miles |
What was the passenger system like on the Roman roads? | In the 4th century AD, tickets were being sold for sleeping carriages, had 1st and 2nd class |
What was the "grand tour" classified as? | Athens, Ephensus, Antioch, and then to the Nile |
What was the Med. sea classified as to the Romans? | 'More Nostrum' - our sea |
What product did the Romans love to get from the Chinese? | Silk |
What happened that was negative during the Pax Romana? | The government became top-heavy, too powerful, but no one noticed |
When did the Byzantium empire end? | 1453 AD |
What land is given to the emperor? | Egypt |
What does the emperor do with Egypt? | They use the money to retire troops and give them land |
What, within the government, really caused problems later on? | No means to pick an emperor |
How many people were in the line of Caesar? | 4 or 5 emperors, one of them being Octavian |
What was the 3rd century AD classified as? | A period of anarchy |
What were the main causes of the disrupt in the third century? | An undisciplined army and potentially negative ambitions of the emperors |
What led to the murder of Commodus? | The 2nd Great Civil War |
What did Septimius Severus do? | He benefitted the military, which made the government military based |
How did all the Barrack emperors die? | Not naturally, by means of poison, suffocation, etc |
What barbaric peoples were threatening Rome? | The Germans on the Rhine and Danube rivers |
What happened to the currency of the empire? | It became less valuable due to inflation |
Who was affected by the inflation? | The wealthy were affected because the mortgages they had on their houses were "swallowed" by the inflation |
Who was affected MOST by the inflation during the 3rd century? | The government - their employees were not given more money, so what they were paid was worth less |
What was the result of the government being negativly affected by inflation? | The employees resorted to corrupt means |
What happened to farmers during the period of anarchy? | Many left the countryside and went to the city to loot or work for the wealthy |
What happened when the farmers left the countryside? | There was severe famine |
Which emperor helped to make the empire last longer than it should've? | Diocletian |
What positions did Diocletion create for the empire? | 2 Augusti (east and west, equal to the emperor) and 2 Caesar (east and west, equal to the vice president) |
What was the diocese? | It was created by Diocletian, was a median between provincial government and the entire empire government |
What did Diocletian do to decrease the negative affects of inflation? | He froze prices within the empire |
What happened to products that were being created during the period of anarchy? | They were being put together clumsily, quality decreased |
What period does Mr. Moon believe that Rome should've fell but didn't? | The time of the Barrack emperors (200-235 AD) |
How did the Barrack emperors get the power of being emperor? | They had the highest bid in most cases |
During a __ year period, __ emperors DID NOT die naturally (fill in the blanks) | 36, 12 |
What happenes to Valerian, one emperor, when he attempts to invade Parthia? | He is captured and used as a footstool for the leaders to get on their horses |
What outbreak caused many deaths around the third century AD? | Malaria |
What declined within the Roman empire? | Patriotism, discipline within the army, lack of devotion, and lack of political honesty |
What is a tetrarchy? | A 4 person rule, started by Diocletian |
Who was killed after the battle with Attila the Hun? | Aetius, one of the greatest Roman commanders |
Barbarization | It is the opposite of civilization, no cities, writing, etc. |
Conglomerations | bringing together a large mass of people |
Diplomacy | Negotiaiting with other states, diplomatic |
Homogenous | Same |
Ascendancy | To rise up |
Commodity | Useful for commercial advantage, can be used for benefit or profit |
Testimony | Evidence in support of fact |
What happened on August 9, 378? | The battle of Adrianople |
Who was the Roman commander at the battle of Adrianople? | Valanse |
How many men were lost at Adrianople? | About 25k |
What happened to the army because of the battle of Adrianople? | Recruits were not being trained as well because many veterans died at Adrianople |
What happened to manpower due to famines and epidemics? | There was a massive shortage |
What happened to Rome when Christianity began to rise? | Rome became much more peace-oriented, and no one wanted to go to war |
Who were hired as mercenaries? | German barbarians |
Why was it hard to train the barbarian mercenaries? | The could not read or write and they spoke a different language |
Which side stopped recruiting barbarians for mercenaries? | The east, they did not have as bad of a shortage of manpower |
Besides barbarians, what 'group' of people were put into the army? | Slaves |
What happened to citizens living farther away from Italy in places such as Mesopotamia or Gaul? | They did not have the loyalty towards Rome that was seen in previous centuries; stopped sending young men to war as willingly |
What happened around 400 AD? | All the Roman legions were ordered back to defend Rome |
Allowing defeated people to ________ helped bring the downfall of Rome | Live within Rome and not have to supply troops/money etc |
What are federates? | Different groups of men in the army, either barbarians or a conglomation of similar ethnic backrounds |
Whatwere bucevarrii? | Private armies with powerful generals |
What were praepostiti? | Roman officials |