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| lava | molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth's surface |
| cementation | sedimentary rock forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moves through rack and soil |
| metamorphic rock | forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition or both |
| compaction | process that forms sedimentart rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the laers above them |
| nonfolliated | describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble whose mineral grains grow and rearrnage but generally do not form laters |
| extrusive | describes fine grained igneous rock that forms when magma quickly cools at or near Earths surface |
| rock | mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary |
| foliated | describes metamorphic rock such as slate and gniess, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers |
| rock cycle | model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time |
| granitic | describes generally light-colored, silica rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock |
| basaltic | describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica |
| sediment | loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains or once-living plants and animals that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
| igneous rock | rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens |
| sedimentary rock | forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions |
| intrusive | describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large amounts of crystals and cools slowly beneath Earths |