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Flap 1 Flap 2
What is used to determine diastolic volume? EKG, EchoCardiogram, Xray?  Using ultrasound (high frequency echocardiogram)  
Stroke Volume = ___ - ___ =___?  Stroke Volume = EDV–ESV = 135 – 65 = 70ml/beat  
Cardiac Output-CO=___X___?  CO=HRxSV  
HR=___beats/min?  HR= (60-100bpm)or average 72 beats/min  
CO=___beats/min X ___ml/beat?  C.O. = avg. 72 beats/min X 70ml/beat  
Total CO=___L/min?  CO = 5000ml/min or 5L/min  
What is Preload?  Blood in the heart before contraction(Preload=Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume)or the amount of stretch of the ventricle.  
When preload is increased what happens to stroke volume?  It increases  
What is Afterload?  The pressure that the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood to the body  
When afterload is increased what happens to stroke volume?  It decreases. The heart is pumping against higher pressure so less blood is pumped out.  
When afterload is decreased what happens to stroke volume?  It increases.  

 
 
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