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| Bacterial Cell Structure | Capsule-no plasma membrane, flagellum-swimmers, ribosomes-dna, neucloid area-no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, pilus helps to anchor to another surface to transfer genetic material |
| Bacteria growth requirements | H2O, PH (6.0 -*.0, 7.0 is optimal), Temp 0-90 C |
| Bacteria Media | Ground Seaweed-Blood, protein, vitamin, dye, sugar-blood for strep or staph |
| Bacteria Morpholosy | Bacilli=rod shaped, Cocci= round, spirilla= corkscrew |
| Binary Fission | Bacteria split into two clones...ecoli in 20 mins, TB every few days |
| Cell Staining | stains react to chemical in cell wall, gram positive= blue(ampicillin-penicillin), gram negative= red (synthetics-carbenicillin, gentamicin) |
| Chlamydiae | intracellular parasite, requires host, spirilla, parasite of birds and mammals, airborne and direct contact, (trachoma, parrot fever, std's) |
| conjugation | plasmid moves to another bacteria cell and shares info (dna) allowing each to have the same dna |
| Endospores | dormant stage of bacteria- most bacteria but not all have spores, all bacillus & clostidium have endospores-resistant to heat/cold, radiation, toxins, o2 in atmosphere, chemicals, uv light. |
| Fungi | The great decomposer's of nature-made of chitin (sugar)-20-30 C temp range-few cause disease to man-eukariotic- mycology, the study of fungus-spread via spores. |
| Gram Stain | used to ID morphology & antibiotics for treatment-crystal violet (blue)=gram negative...Safranin (red)=Gram positive |
| Human Fungal Diseases | Aspergillosis-fungus ball in chest, coccidiodomycosis=valley fever, histoplasmosis Mississippi valley fever, candidiasis thrush |
| Hyphae | stock of fungi |
| morphology | study of shape and structure- strep = chains, staph = clumps, diplo = two stuck together |
| mycellium | mass of fungi |
| normal flora | microorganisms that grow on the human body that help protect us |
| plague | bubonic-lymph, numonic-airborne |
| pneumonia | biggest killer in history |
| prokaryotes | cell with non membrane bound organelles, enclosed in capsule, no nucleus, flagella...ie bacteria, rickettsia, chlamydiae |
| rickettsiae | intracellular parasite, requires host, rod shaped-coccoid, leaky cytoplasm, parasites of arthropods and insects, passed via eggs (typhus/rmsf/Qfever/lyme disese) |
| sputum C&S (culture & sensitivity) | lab culture that checks for antibiotic results. |
| strepnemonia | most common cause of pneumonia-rusty colored sputum |
| TB Staining | special staining process- very tough, bullet proof shell needs special stain, ziehl-neelsen (acid fast stain) carbonfusion-red= TB+ methylene-blue= TB- |
| Virus Growth | Virus reproduce inside living cells most vaccines are made inside eggs-chicken embryo's |
| Phillics | psychrophillic=0-25 C, Mesophillic=20-45 C, Thermophillic= 45-75 C, Extreme Thermophillic 100+ C |
| Capneic | bacteria that like CO2 |
| Facultative | bacteria that may or may not use O2 |
| Coccidiodomycosis | Valley Fever |
| Human Fungal Diseases | Coccidiodomycosis (valley fever), candidiasis (thrush) |
| Nosocomial infection | infection acquired in the hospital |
| Paramyxo Virus | stable dna virus, ie measles, mumps, rsv |
| PCP Pneumocystic Carninii Pneumonia | normal flora, acts like fungus, AIDS patients die from it |
| Protozoa | Eucaryotes, lives in or near water, unicellular, few cause disease. cause malaria, dysentery, sleeping sickness |
| Plasmodium species | malaria |
| Retrovirus | Rna virus produces the enzyme reverse transcriptase, allowing it to produce DNA, example is HIV |
| RSV | Respiratory Syncytial Virus, causes bronchiolitis in small children |
| TB treatment | RIPE Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethamutol |
| Virus | Bad news in a protein coat, intracellular parasite, very tiny, no organelles or nucleus, contains DNA or RNA |
| Virus Latency | viral genetic material is incorporated into host cell but no replication takes place |
| Virus Lysogeny | Lytic cycle=cell is infected and viral replication takes place |
| Virus Structure | surrounded by a protein capsid, fulled with DNA or RNA, spikes on capsid attach to other cells |
