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Question | Answer |
Parkinson's disease is due to a LACK of which CNS neurotransmitter? | dopamine |
During Parkinson’s treatment, what happens when dopamine levels are too high? | dyskinesias & psychiatric disturbances |
List side effects of dopaminergic Parkinson's drugs: | N/V, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, psychiatric disturbances, dyskinesias |
List side effects of anticholinergic Parkinson’s drugs: | dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, & tachycardia |
Describes the term "extrapyramidal side effects”: | Parkinsonism-like movement disorders: tremor, bradykinesia, gait abnormalities |
Which types of medications CAUSE extrapyramidal side effects? | dopamine blockers like the antipsychotics |
Why is carbidopa added to levodopa in the medication Sinemet? | carbidopa helps more levodopa reach the brain |
This antiemetic is a dopamine blocker: | metoclopramide (Reglan) & phenothiazines like prochlorperazine (Compazine) |
Neuronal destruction in this area of the brain is most affected in Parkinson’s disease: | substantia nigra |
List symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: | tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural and gait abnormalities |
List the facial expressions/movements that may be limited in a Parkinson’s patient: | less blinking, reduced facial expressions, drooling, impaired swallowing, soft and difficult annunciation |
How do the Parkinson’s drugs work? | they either increase dopamine or dopamine activity or block acetylcholine activity |
What is the on-off phenomenon? | abrupt transient fluctuations in severity of symptoms specific to levodopa/carbidopa; bradykinesia vs dyskinesias seen after long-term therapy |
This drug is FDA approved for restless leg syndrome | the dopamine receptor agonists, pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip) |
The anticholinergic Parkinson’s work best to treat ______ while the dopamine active drugs work better to treat _____: | anticholinergics work best to treat TREMOR & DROOLING while the dopamine active drugs work better to treat BRADYKINESIA |
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