| Names, Terms, Concepts |
Description/Definition |
| Herodotus | Greek historian who viewed ruins of ancient Egypt |
| Joseph | son of Jacob who became vizier to an Egyptian pharoah |
| Moses | used by God to deliver Israelites from Egypt |
| Jean Francis Champollion | French scholar who deciphered Rosetta Stone |
| Menes | united upper and lower Egypt and became first pharoah of all Egypt |
| Hatshepsut | only female pharoah of Egypt |
| Ramses | pharoah who had many statues of himself built |
| Thutmose III | pharaoh under whom Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent. |
| pyramids | huge tombs made of large stone blocks arranged to rise evenly to a point. |
| sphinxes | large stone statues with the heads of men, rams, or hawks and the bodies of lions. |
| hieroglyphics | means "sacred carvings"; strange writing of the ancient Egyptians. |
| Rosetta stone | contained message carved in three languages: hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek |
| Nile River | longest river in the world and one of few that flow south to north; made ancient Egypt an oasis in a desert. |
| pharaohs | Egyptians kings |
| mummification | Egyptian process of preserving dead bodies. |
| dynasties | families within which the right to be king passed from one member to another. |
| Great Pyramid | the largest pyramid in Egypt |
| Great Sphinx | gigantic statue carved in limestone; has a lion's body and a human face |
| vizier | chief assistant to the pharaoh |
| humanism | believing humans have the power of gods. The Egyptians made their pharoahs into gods. |
| Mizraim | Ham's son who settled in Egypt |
| Lower Egypt | the northern section of Egypt, including the delta region |
| Upper Egypt | the southern section of Egypt |
| Who united the two kingdoms of Egypt? | Menes |
| Memphis | The new capital of Egypt, built by Menes |
| Step pyramid | built for Djoser; small pyramid made of stacked mastabas |
| Giza | city where the three most famous pyramids were built: the Great Pyramid (for Khufu), the second largest (for Khafre), and third (for Menkaure). The Great Sphinx is also in Giza. |
| Hyksos | invaded and conquered Egypt using chariots |
| Old Kingdom | the kingdom that ended during a period of internal turmoil |
| Middle Kingdom | the kingdom that ended when the Hyksos conquered Egypt |
| nomes | the small divisions of Upper and Lower Egypt |
| cataracts | the rapids found in the Nile River |
| delta | the fan-shaped region where the Nile runs into the Mediterranean Sea |
| mastabas | stone structures that were flat on top and had sloping sides; used as tombs |
| papyrus | Egyptian paper made from the plant of the same name |
| tribute | payments made to a ruling country |
| What sea formed the norther border of Egypt? | Mediterranean Sea |
| What sea formed the eastern border of Egypt? | Red Sea |
| Giza was located in which region of Egypt? | Lower Egypt |
| What desert is to the west of Egypt? | Sahara |
