Motivation Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Instrumental-Incremental Concept of Ability | an individuals beliefs about their own ability, like a skill, can be increased through practice and effort |
Entity Concept of Ability | ability is a stable trait of which individuals have a fixed amount and which is only modertately affected by practice and effort |
Behavior Modification | the process of using reinforcement principles to change behavior ex: calling on a student when she raises her hand to answer a question and ignoring her when she calls out an answer |
Contingency Management | Using principles of operant conditioning to change a person's behavior by modifying discriminant stimuli or consequences ex:changing contingencies 4 rewards in the classrm so specific set of pos. social behaviors are rewarded and time-out 4 antisoc. beha |
Shaping | Providing reinforcement for behaviors that increasingly approximate the desired behaviors ex: praising a child for opening a book, then for beginning, then for completing it |
Token Economy | a system in which individuals receive or lose token that can be exchanged for a reward ex: a poker chip is earned for every assignment turned in and later exhcnaged for extra recess time |
Baseline behaviors | frequency of behaviors previous to intervention designed to increase or decrease it by reward or punishment ex: proportion of homework assignments completed before a token economy intervention is implemented |
Law of Effect | Principle of reinforcement theory in which behavior is assumed to be determined by its consequences ex: students complete assignments because this behavior is rewarded |
Operant Conditioning | establishing behavior (an operation) using the principles of reinforcement ex: students learn to come into the classroom, sit at their desk, and begin work after recess |
Positive Reinforcers (rewards) | a consequence that increases the probability of the behavior that is made contingent upon ex: good grade; star; teacher praise; teacher attention |
Punishment | a consequence that decreases the probability of the behavior that is made contingent upon ex: bad grade; loss of privileges; public criticism |
Negative Reinforcer | a consequence that increases the probability of a behavior if terminated or diminished |
Extinguish | Terminating a behavior as the result of terminating positive reinforcers ex: students stop doing homework when teacher stops grading it |
instrinsic motivation | motivation to engage in an activity in the absence of any extrinsic reward or purpose |
competence motive | natural disposition to engage in tasks and activities that contribute to learning and development |
internal locus of Causality | perception of engaging in an activity by personal preference |
External Locus of Causality | Perception of engaging in an activity by personal preference |
Discounting principle | Discounting a reason for engaging in an activity because another reason is more salient |
Task Contingent Rewards | Rewards based on engaging in an activity or completing a task |
Performance-Contingent Reward | Rewards based on achieving a specified level of performance |
Individual Interest | Relatively stable evaluative orientation toward certain domains |
Situational Interest | Emotional state aroused by specific features of an activity or task |
Trait Anxiety | Proneness to a state of anxiety in evaluative contexts - a relatively stable personality characteristic |
State Anxiety | A temporal state of anxiety in a particular evaluative context |
Desensitization | Gradual introduction of increasingly threatening images and thoughts along with images and thoughts related to overcoming the threat |
instrinsic motivation | motivation to engage in an activity in the absence of any extrinsic reward or purpose |
competence motive | natural disposition to engage in tasks and activities that contribute to learning and development |
Internal Locus of Causality | Perception of engaging in an activity by personal preference |
External Locus of Causality | Perception of engaging in an activity for some external reward or for some reason other than personal preference |
Discounting Principle | Discounting a reason for engaging in an activity because another reason is more salient |
Task-Contingent Rewards | Rewards based on engaging in an activity or completing a task |
Performance-contingent rewards | Rewards based on achieving a specified level of performance |
Individual Interest | Relatively stable evaluative orientation toward certain domains |
Situational Interest | Emotional state aroused by specific features of an activity or task |
Proximal Goals | Short term goals that can be achieved relatively quickly |
Distal Goals | Long term goals that may involve several steps |
Attribution Retraining | making explicit statements to change a person's perceptions of the cause of failure (usually from ability to effort or strategy) |
Undifferentiated task structure | students who work on the same tasks at the same time, and the nature of tasks varies little from day to day |
unidimensional classroom | a classroom with an undifferentiated task structure in which valued performance outcomes are narrowly defined and social comparison information is salient |
Differentiated Task structure | students work on different tasks at the same time and the nature of tasks varies from day to day |
Multidimensional classroom | a classroom with a differentiated task structure in which many different kinds of performance are valued and social comparison information is salient |
Mastery Learning | a program of instruction in which students move through the curriculum at their own pace, as a function of demonstrated mastery |
Outcome-Based Education (OBE) | an instructional program that is guided by a set of well defined objectives, frequent assessment, and multiple opportunities to achieve the objectives |
cooperative task structure | students work collaboratively with classmates, usually in small groups |
Cooperative incentive structure | Students' rewards (eg. grades) are based on their group's performance |
Created by:
terryle
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