| Question |
Answer |
| acetylcholine | chemical neurotransmitter |
| afferent neuron | neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system from the periphery |
| anesthesia | loss of sensation |
| arachnoid mater | delicate, weblike middle membrane covering the brain, the meninges |
| astrocytes | a glial cell |
| axon | nerve cell process that transmitts impulses away from the cell body |
| catecholamines | norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| cerebrospinal fluid | fluid that fills the subarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles |
| choroid plexus | a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid |
| dendrite | a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body |
| dermatome | skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve |
| dopamine | chemical neurotransmitter |
| dura mater | outermost layer of meninges |
| effector neuron | neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery |
| endorphins | chemical in neurtal nervous system that influences pain perception |
| enkephalins | peptide chemical in the central nervous sytem that acts as a natural painkiller |
| fight-or-flight response | the changes produced by increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress |
| ganglia | a region of gray nerve tissue |
| ganglion | a group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS |
| glia | supporting cells of nervous tissue |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid |
| interneuron | nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| limbic system | a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion response |
| meninges | fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| microglia | one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord |
| motor neuron | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues |
| multiple sclerosis | the most common primary disease of the central nervous system |
| myelin | lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers |
| neurilemma | nerve sheath |
| neurons | nerve cell, including axons and dendrites |
| neurotransmitter | chemicals by which neurons communicate |
| nodes of Ranvier | indentations that are found between adjacent Schwann cells |
| norephinephrine | hormone secreted by adrenal medulla, released by sympathetic nervous system |
| oligodendrocyte | a cell that holds nerve fibers together and produces the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, ganglia connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord |
| pia mater | the vascular innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord |
| postganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue |
| postsynaptic neuron | a neuron situated distal to the synapse |
| preganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion |
| presynaptic neuron | a neuron situated proximal to a synapse |
| receptors | peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite |
| reflex arc | allows an impulse to travel in only one direction |
| saltatory conduction | when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next |
| Schwann cell | (shwon) large nucleated cells that form myelin |
| sensory neuron | neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body |
| serotonin | a neurontransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, ganglia are connected to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord |
| synapse | junction between adjacent neurons |
| synaptic cleft | the space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron |
| synaptic knob | a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon that contains vesicles with neurotrasmitters |
| tract | a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system |
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