| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| biceps brachii (action) | Flexion of elbow joint |
| biceps brachii (origin) | 1. Origin of biceps on scapula superior to glenoid fossa. 2. Origin of biceps on carocoid process of scapula. |
| biceps brachii (insertion) | radial tuberosity of the head of the radius |
| brachialis (action) | elbow flexion |
| brachialis (origin) | origin: distal anterior humerus |
| brachialis (insertion) | insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process |
| brachioradialis (action) | elbow flexion, pronation and supination |
| nerve roots: brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii | C5 and C6 |
| brachioradialis (origin) | origin: lateral condyle of humerus |
| brachioradialis (insertion) | insertion: styloid process of the radius |
| pronator teres nerve roots | C6 and C7 |
| pronator teres (origin) | origin: medial epicondylar ridge of the humerus |
| pronator teres (insertion) | insertion: lateral wrap to lateral radius |
| pronator teres (action) | pronation and weak elbow flexion |
| triceps brachii (origin) | origin: one from the lateral border of scapula, two from side of humerus |
| triceps brachii (insertion) | insertion: Olecrenon process |
| triceps brachii (action) | elbow extension, and also shoulder |
| nerve roots anconeus and triceps brachii | C7 and C8 |
| anconeus (origin) | origin: posterior lateral condyle of humerus |
| anconeus (insertion) | insertion: upper, posterior ridge of the ulna |
| anconeus (action) | "extension initiator", stabalization |
| supinator nerve root | C6 |
| supinator (origin) | origin: posterior lateral epcondyle of humerus and posterior proximal ulna |
| supinator (insertion) | insertion: lateral wrap to prximal radius |
| supinator (action) | primary for supination, elbow stabalizer |
| flexor carpi radialis (origin) | origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus |
| flexor carpi radialis (insertion) | insertion: base of #2 & #3 metacarpals (travelling close to scaphoid in palm) |
| flexor carpi radialis (action) | flexor and abductor of the radial side of the wrist joint |
| palmaris longus (origin) | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus |
| palmaris longus (insertion) | insertion: fascia of the palm (flexor retinaculum) |
| palmaris longus (action) | flexes the wrist |
| flexor carpi ulnaris (origin) | origin: medial epicondyle and olecranon process |
| flexor carpi ulnaris (insertion) | insertion: pisiform bone |
| flexor carpi ulnaris (action) | flexes the ulnar side of the wrist joint (so enabling the hand to move in an ulnar direction) |
| flexor digitorum superficialis (origin) | origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process, oblique line of the radius |
| flexor digitorum superficialis (insertion) | insertion: base an lateral surfaces of middle phalanx #2, 3, 4, and 5 |
| flexor digitorum superficialis (action) | wrist and finger flexion, weak elbow flexion |
| flexor digitorum profundus (origin) | origin: anterior distal ulna |
| flexor digitorum profundus (insertion) | insertion: lateral surface and base of distal phalanx #2, 3, 4, and 5 |
| flexor digitorum profundus (action) | strong finger flexion, weak wrist flexion |
| flexor pollicis longus (origin) | origin: anterior radius |
| flexor pollicis longus (insertion) | insertion: base of distal phalanx #1 |
| flexor pollicis longus (action) | thumb flexion, weak wrist flexion |
| pronator quadratus (origin) | origin: anterior ulna |
| pronator quadratus (insertion) | insertion: anterior radius |
| pronator quadratus (action) | pronation only, deepest muscle |
| nerve roots for flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and pronator quadratus | C6 and C7 |
| nerve roots: flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor digitorum profundus | C8 and T1 |
| nerve roots: flexor digitorum superficialis | C7, C8, and T1 |
| extensor carpi radialis longus (origin) | origin: lateral epicondylar ridge |
| extensor carpi radialis longus (insertion) | insertion: #2 metacarpal base |
| extensor carpi radialis longus (action) | elbow and wrist extension, radial deviation |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis (origin) | origin: lateral epicondylar ridge |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis (insertion) | insertion: #2 and #3 metacarpal base |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis (action) | elbow and wrist extension, radial deviation |
| extensor digitorum (communis) (origin) | origin: lateral epicondyle |
| extensor digitorum (communis) (insertion) | insertion: base and lateral surface of middle and distal phalynx of #2, 3, 4 and 5 |
| extensor digitorum (communis) (action) | wrist, elbow and finger extension |
| extensor digiti minimi (origin) | origin: lateral epicondyle |
| extensor digiti minimi (insertion) | insertion: base of middle and distal phalanxes of 5th phalange |
| extensor digiti minimi (action) | extension of little finger, weak wrist and elbow extension |
| extensor carpi ulnaris (origin) | origin: lateral epicondyle and upper posterior ulna |
| extensor carpi ulnaris (insertion) | insertion: base of #5 metacarpal |
| extensor carpi ulnaris (action) | elbow and wrist extension, ulnar deviation (adduction) |
| extensor indicis (proprius) (origin) | origin: posterior distal ulna |
| extensor indicis (proprius) (insertion) | insertion: base of middle and distal #2 phalanxes |
| extensor indicis (proprius) (action)
| index finger extension |
| abductor pollicis longus (origin) | origin: extensor aspect of radius and ulna |
| abductor pollicis longus (insertion) | insertion: base of MC bone of thumb |
| abductor pollicis longus (action | abducts and extends the thumb, tendon runs close to Extensor Pollicis Brevis |
| extensor pollicis longus (origin) | origin: posterior lateral ulna |
| extensor pollicis longus (insertion) | insertion: base of distal phalanx #1 |
| extensor pollicis longus (action) | extension of thumb, extension of wrist, radial deviation |
| extensor pollicis brevis (origin) | origin: posterior surface of radius |
| extensor pollicis brevis (insertion) | insertion: base of proximal phalanx #1 |
| extensor pollicis brevis (action) | extension of thumb and wrist, radial deviation |
| flexor brevis, abductor brevis, opponens pollicis (origin) [FAO] | origin: schaphoid and tapezium (thenar eminence) |
| flexor brevis, abductor brevis, opponens pollicis (insertion) | insertion: proximal phalange of #1 digit |
| flexor brevis, abductor brevis, oppponens pollicis (action) | abduction, flexion, and opposition |
| abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi (origin) [AFO] | origin: hamate and pisiform (hypothenar eminence) |
| opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi (insertion) | insertion: proximal phalange of #5 digit |
| opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi (action) | abduction, flexion and opposition |
| palmar interossei (origin) | origin: medial metacarpal 2, lateral 4 and 5 |
| palmar interossei (insertion) | insertion: medial proximal phalange 2, lateral proximal 4 and 5 |
| palmar interossei (action) | adduction to #3 |
| dorsal interossei (origin) | origin: metacarpal 1, lateral 5, medial and lateral 2, 3, 4 |
| dorsal interossei (insertion) | insertion: medial proximal phalange 2 & 3, lateral proximal 3 & 4 |
| dorsal interossei (action) | abduction away from #3 |
| lumbricals (origin) | origin: flexor digitorum profundus |
| lumbricals (insertion) | insertion: lateral proximal phalange 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| lumbricals (action) | flexion initiation and cupping |
| adductor pollicis (origin) | origin: capitate, scaphoid, #2, 3 metacarpal |
| adductor pollicis (insertion) | insertion: proximal phalange #1 |
| adductor pollicis (action) | thumb adduction |
| nerve roots extensor carpi radialis brevis & longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis | C6 and C7 |
| nerve roots extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis longus, | C6, C7, C8 |
| nerve roots flexor pollicis brevis, lumbricals | C6, C7, C8, T1 |
| nerve roots adductor pollicis, palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis | C8 T1 |
| iliacus (origin) | origin: internal iliac fossa and sacrum base |
| iliacus (insertion) | insertion: lesser trochanter |
| iliacus (action) | hip flexion, lordotic tendencies |
| psoas major (origin) | origin: lateral bodies T12-L5 |
| psoas major (insertion) | insertion: lesser trochanter |
| psoas major (action) | hip flexion, slight external rotation, lordotic tendencies |
| psoas minor (origin) | origin: lateral bodies T12-L3 |
| psoas minor (insertion) | insertion: iliopectinal eminence |
| psoas minor (action) | hip flexion, external rotation, lordotic tendencies |
| gluteus maximus (origin) | origin: posterior gluteal line of ilium |
| gluteus maximus (insertion) | insertion: upper fibers- femoral line of ilium, lower fibers- iliotibial tract to head of fibula |
| gluteus maximus (action) | extension, stabalization of weaight line, outward rotation |
| gluteus medius (origin) | origin: superior to inferior gluteal lines |
| gluteus medius (insertion) | insertion: greater trochanter |
| gluteus medius (action) | abduction, inward rotation |
| gluteus minimus (origin) | origin: anterior to inferior gluteal lines |
| gluteus minimus (insertion) | insertion: greater trochanter |
| gluteus minimus (action) | abduction and inward rotation |
| tensor fascia latae (origin) | origin: iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine |
| tensor fascia latae (insertion) | insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia (via IT band) |
| tensor fascia latae (action) | stabalizes torso in line of hip and knee, flex hip, internally rotates hip, w/gluteus maximus: abducts the hip |
| piriformis (origin) | origin: external sacrum and greater sciatic notch of ilium |
| piriformis (insertion) | insertion: superior greater trochanter |
| piriformis (action) | outward rotation, abduction when isolated |
| superior gemelli (origin) | origin: external ishial spine |
| superior gemelli (insertion) | insertion: superior greater trochanter |
| superior gemelli, obturator internus, inferior gemelli, obturator externus (action) | outward rotation |
| obturator internus (origin) | origin: obturator foramen to internal ishium and pubis |
| obturator internus (insertion) | insertion: greater trochanter |
| inferior gemelli (origin) | origin: ishial tuberosity |
| inferior gemelli (insertion) | insertion: greater trochanter |
| obturator exturnus (origin) | origin: ramus of pubis |
| obturator exturnus (insertion) | insertion: intertrochanteric fossa |
| quadratus femoris (origin) | origin: ishial tuberosity |
| quadratus femoris (insertion) | insertion: inferior greater trochanter |
| quadratus femoris (action) | outward rotator and adduction when isolated |
| nerve roots: iliacus, psoas major & minor | L2-L4 |
| nerve roots: gluteus maximus | L5, S1, S2 |
| nerve roots: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae | L4, L5, S1 |
| nerve roots: piriformis, superior gemelli, obturator internus, inferior gemelli, obturator externus, quadratus femoris | L3-L5, S1, S2 |
| sartorius (origin) | origin: anterior superior iliac spine |
| sartorius (insertion) | insertion: medial condyle of the tibia |
| sartorius (action) | flexion of hip, some external rotation of hip |
| rectus femoris (origin) | origin: anterior inferior iliac spine |
| rectus femoris (action) | hip flexion and knee extension |
| vastus lateralus (origin) | origin: lateral lip of linea aspera |
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralus, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis common insertion | patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity |
| vastus lateralus, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis action | knee extension only |
| vastus intermedius(origin) | origin: lateral lip of lineal aspera and anterior surface of femur |
| vastus medialis (origin) | origin: medial lip of linea aspera and medial supracondylar ridge |
