-The Cerebrum is the area within the brain that controls thought and logic. -The Cerebellum is the area within the brain that controls movement and balance. -The Brain Stem’s basic functions are: Reproduction Breathing Heart Beat Digestion

-P.N.S. is Peripheral Nervous System. It is the one half of the Nervous system. It consists of the input and output “wires” nerve cells, bundled of packaged in groups called nerves. The P.N.S. also branches out into two major divisions: the cranial and the spinal. These also branch again into three divisions called the Autonomic division. The Autonomic division consist of: The Sympathetic The Parasympathetic The Enteric

The autonomic division regulates the “involuntary” control of the smooth and cardiac muscle organs and glandular tissue; typically described as unconscious responses. The P.N.S. ‘s Myelin is called Neurolemmocytes. Which some may or may not have the cytoplasmic, the outermost wrapping layer of the neurolemmocyte, that contains the nucleus of the cell.

-C.N.S. is the Central Nervous System. The other half of the Nervous system. The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and the spinal cord, both are the two largest masses of concentrated nervous tissue in the body. The brain and spinal cord function as the processing centers where input signals are stored, integrated, and coordinated. {The P.N.S. ‘s wires go everywhere else} The C.N.S. ‘s Myelin is called Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The oligodendrocytes do contain the cytoplasmic layer that the P.N.S. myelin are lacking. The nerve fiber node forms as a distinct gap between myelin sheaths and does not have a covering of interdigitating neurolemma. Instead the region of the node is covered by the end feet of astrocytes, which unlike the myelinated internode allow ionic transfer between the neuron and the extracellular fluid.

-Neurons are the formation of the functional communication network of the wire-like cells that connect all regions of the body to the brain and spinal cord, and form the complex processing networks within the brain and spinal cord. As a result of their specialization, they have lost the ability to undergo mitotic divisions.

-Neuroglia/Myelin are the smaller cells that wrap around the axons of the neurons. They help to send the information to the brain much faster. Unlike neurons, glia continues to divide and produce more cells throughout the lifetime of an individual.

-Cell body/soma consists of a nucleus and various organelles; as well as: mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi complexes, and granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Groups of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum form the chromatophilic substance or nissl bodies. These bodies are responsible for high levels of protein synthesis, an activity that is important in the proper function of the neuron. Also within the cell body are neurofilaments and microtubules, which extend from the cytoplasm of the cell body into the dendrites and axons.

-Dendrites project from the cell body. They can range in number from one to thousands. These highly branched, short neuritis greatly increase the surface area of the neuron for synaptic reception from other neurons.

-Axon; there is only one axon arising from the body of the neuron. This elongated cytoplasmic extension conducts action potentials away from the cell body and eventurally terminates at other cells.

-Synapse: the branching tree-like structures, axon terminals, that make up the very end of the Axon.

-Organs of transduction;(To transducer is to change from one form of energy to another) the different types of receptors are the thermoreceptors I & II - Cold and Heat chemoreceptors - taste and smell/olfactory photoreceptors - eyes mechanoreceptors – light touch -hair -pressure -pain -proprioception