Pathophys
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| Segmental demyelinaion | Schwann cell dysfunction; damage to myelin sheath; loss of saltatory conduction, replacement has shorter internodes and thinner insulation; inc in NA channels; slower | (blank)
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| Damage to the PNS | damage to the axon: axonal degeneration(more lethal than SD), primary damage to axon followed by myelin sheath dissolution | (blank)
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| Focal axonal Damage | trauma or ischemia induced; wallerian dege: distal to a site of wound, sequence of axonal and myelin degneration; denervation atrophy | (blank)
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| Wallerian Degeneration | cleaning out dead portion; 1. swelling near cut; 2. hypertrophy of the neurofiliments; 3. shrinkage of myelin sheath; degeneration of the axon | (blank)
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| Nerve regeneration | the further you are from the cell body the more likely it will; may or may not; most likely not; permanent loss of function | (blank)
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| Ulnar Nerve Syndrom | compression of ulnar nerve; repair: move ulnar nerve on top; doesn't cure just preserves current function | (blank)
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| Guillanin-Barre Syndrome | Autoimmune PNS inflammatory neuropathy; preceded by viral infection; tcell mediated immune attack on myelin sheath; transient; treatable if caught within days; one person in 100,000; more prevalent with alcoholics | (blank)
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| Chronic Immune Demyelinating Polyneuropathy | Autoimmune PNS inflammatory neuropathy; Remissions and relapses; Demyelination mediated by serum antibodies(macrophage); segmental; thin myelin sheaths; loss of saltatory conduction; conduction block; slow nerve conduction speed; < 80% slower | (blank)
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| MS | Autoimmune CNS inflammatory neuropathy;Autoantibodies activate the complement system against myelin sheath; sclerotic plaques build up around myelin sheath; activates immune response | (blank)
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| Myasthenia Gravis | ACH & receptors autoantibodies; disrupts Ach; destruction of the muscle membrane; complement activation; destruction of neuromuscular junction; increase receptor trunover | (blank)
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| Leprosy | Infectious PNS Neuropathy; schwann cells invaded by mycobaterium leprae; segemental demyelination; multilayered thickening and endoneurial fibrosis; loss of pain fibers, loss of sensory function 1st | (blank)
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| The cognitive | normal consciousness; arousal; reticular activating system content of thought - sleep wake cycle; awareness: self, environment; mood | (blank)
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| causes of alterations in state of arousal | acute onset: structural change(bludgeon), metabolic change(blood flow); psychogenic change(schizo, behavior; pathologic process;infectios; vascular; neoplastic; traumatic; congenital; degenerative(alz parkinson); metabolic | (blank)
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| Patterns of Breathing(Concepts of Neurological Dysfunction[cognitive system]) | 16-20 bpm; indicate level of brain function based on rate, rhythm, and pattern; normal breathign is controlled by forebrain, as consciousness decreases lower brainstem regulates breathing in respsonse to co2 levels | (blank)
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| Vommiting(Concepts of Neurological Dysfunction[cognitive system]) | lower brain functions; most cns disorders produce nausea and vomiting- over stimulated thalamus | (blank)
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| Pupillary changes(Concepts of Neurological Dysfunction[cognitive system]) | indicates presence and level of brainstem dysfunction(hypoxia produces dilated fixed pupil) | (blank)
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| Oculomotor repsonses(Concepts of Neurological Dysfunction[cognitive system]) | Reflexive eye movements change in various level of brain dysfunction | (blank)
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| motor responses(Concepts of Neurological Dysfunction[cognitive system]) | motor respsonse evaluate the level and site of brain dysfunction | (blank)
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| Brain Death | brain cannot maintain bodies internal homeostasis | (blank)
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| Cerebral Death | irreversible coma; death of hemispheres not affecting brainstem and cerebellum | (blank)
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| Vegatative State | complete unawareness of environment and self | (blank)
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| Cerebral Hemodynamis | Cerbral Blood Volume: 75ml 15% of cardiac output; Cerebral blood flow: uses 20% of o2, affected by co2 and o2 levels; cerebral perfusion: normal 80mmHg, less than 70 insuffiant; intracranial pressure 5-15mmHg | (blank)
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| Alterations to Cerebral Hemodynamis | Increased intracranial pressure: tumor, edema, excess CSF(blocked drain), hemorrhage; Results in equal loss in volume of other contents: CSF, alt. in cerebral blood flow(stroke), structural changes(herniation - lethal - major structural changes | (blank)
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