Gastroenterology (JCMC)
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| Visceral pain | dull, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs | ||||
| Three separate mechanisms can produce visceral pain | : inflammation, distension, and ischemia; all of which transmit a pain signal from visceral afferent neural fibers back to the spinal column | ||||
| Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. | ||||
| Somatic pain | sharp, localized pain that originates in walls of the body such as skeletal muscles. | ||||
| Referred pain | pain that originates in a region other than where it is felt | ||||
| Cullen’s sign | ecchymosis in the periumbilical area | ||||
| Grey-Turner’s sign | ecchymosis in the flank | ||||
| upper GI bleeding | bleeding within the GI tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz | ||||
| Ligament of Treitz | ligament that supports the doedenojejunal junction | ||||
| Mallory-Weiss tear | esophageal laceration, usually secondary to vomiting | ||||
| Sengstaken-Blakemore tube | three-lumen tube used in treating esophageal bleeding. | ||||
| esophageal varix | swollen vein of the esophagus. | ||||
| protal | pertaining to the flow of blood into the liver | ||||
| cirrhosis | degenerative disease of the liver; results in fatty deposits and fibrosis in te liver parenchymal tissue, thus obstructing portal blood flow | ||||
| acite gastroenteritis | sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines | ||||
| hematochezia | bright red blood in the stool caused by erosion of the lising of the lower GI tract | ||||
| chronic gastroenteritis | nonacute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa; due primarily to microbial infection | ||||
| Pepic ulcers | erosions caused by gastric acid; they can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract | ||||
| Duodenal ulcers | most frequently occur in the proximal portion of the duodenum | ||||
| gastric ulcers | occur exclusively in the stomach | ||||
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | condition that causes the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin | ||||
| lower GI bleeding | bleeding in the GI tract distal to the ligament of Treitz. | ||||
| Ulcerative colitis | classified as an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD), one of unknown origin | ||||
| pancolitis | ulcerative colitis spread throughout the entire colon | ||||
| proctitis | ulcerative colitis limited to the rectum | ||||
| colic | acute pain associated with cramping or spasms in the abdominal organs | ||||
| Crohn’s disease | idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with the small intestine; can occur anywhere from the mouth to the rectum | ||||
| diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula | ||||
| diverticulosis | presence of diverticula with or without associated bleeding | ||||
| diverticula | small outpouchings in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract | ||||
| Hemorrhoids | small mass of swollen veins in the anus or rectum | ||||
| bowel obstruction | blockage of the hollow space within the intestines | ||||
| hernia | protrusion of an organ through its protective sheath | ||||
| intussusception | condition the occurs when part of the intestine slips in to the part just distal to itself | ||||
| vulvulus | twisting of the intestine on itself | ||||
| adhesion | union of normally separate tissue surfaces by a fibrous band of new tissue | ||||
| infarction | area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood | ||||
| Appendicitis | inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the juncture of the large and small intestines | ||||
| McBurney’s point | common site of pain from appendicitis, one to two inches above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with the umbilicus | ||||
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder | ||||
| Cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones | ||||
| Murphy’s sign | pain caused when an inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under the right costal margin | ||||
| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas | ||||
| Chronic pancreatitis | acinar tissue destruction commonly occurs due to chronic alcohol intake, drug toxicity, ischemia, or infectious diseases | ||||
| Hepatitis | involves any injury to hepatocytes associated with an inflammation or infection. | ||||
| hepatitis A (HAV) | spreads by the oral-fecal route | ||||
| Hepatitis B (HBV) | known as serum hepatitis is transmitted as a blood borne pathogen that can stay active in bodily fluids outside the body for days | ||||
| Hepatitis C (HCV) | is caused by the pathogen most commonly responsible for spreading hepatitis thought blood transfusions; marked by chronic and often debilitating damage to the liver | ||||
| Hepatitis D (HDV) | is a less common disorder because its pathogen is dormant until activated by HBV | ||||
| Hepatitis E (HEV) | is waterborne infection that has caused epidemics in Africa, Mexico, and other third-world nations |
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Created by:
cabbie911
on 2004-11-11