definitions & ?s for Final
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| Greenhouse Effect | the process by which the atmosphere traps infrared rays over the Earth's surface
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| radiation | transfer of energy by waves moving through space
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| convection | transfer of heat through the movement of heated material
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| conduction | transfer of energy in which vibrating molecules pass heat along to other vibrating molecule through direct contact
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| humidity | amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
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| global warming | an increase in the temperature of Earth's lower atmosphere, caused in part by increased levels of CO2 and water vapor
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| evaporation | the process that changes a substance from a liquid toa gas at temperature below substance's boiling point
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| transpiration | the loss of water through the leaves of plants
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| cloud | a dense, visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystal suspeneded in the atmosphere
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| cold front | boundary formed where a cold air mass overtakes and lifts a warm air mass
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| warm front | boundary formed where a warm air mass overtakes and rises over a cold air mass
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| dew point | temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated
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| condensation | process by which water vapor changes to a liquid water
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| What is Earth'c most common element in the atmosphere? | Oxygen
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| What could a liquid thermometer not work without? | a vacuum at the top of its tube
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| what does a sling psychrometer measure? | the dew point and relative humidity
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| Where do air masses develope their temperature and air pressure from? | their source regions
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| which is denser cold or warm air? | cold air
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| how do you name wind | from the direction it comes from
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| What do you need to make a cloud? | water vapor, falling temperature, and condensation nuclei
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| what is the percentage of relative humidity at it's dew point? | 100%
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| What is the only substance that can survive in all states in Earth's atmosphere? | water
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| What are weather scientists officially called? | meterologists
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| How much pressure presses down on you? | 14.7 per square inch
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| Cirrus clouds look like... | hair strands
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| stratus clouds look like... | a sheet
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| cumulus clouds look like... | lumpy pillows
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| what are the stages of the hydrologic cycle? | evaporation-condensation or transpiration-condensation
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| Which laych of the atmosphere holds all life on Earth? | Troposphere
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| What layer of the Earth's atmosphere contains ozone? | stratosphere
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| What purpose does ozone serve? | to protect our skin from harmful UV rays
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| How do clouds form? | The water vapor rises into the air and reaches a point where it freezes around condensation nuclei.
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| How is energy transferred form the sun to the earth's surface and through the troposphere? | by radiation
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| What two gases are most abundant in the atmosphere? | Nitrogen and Oxygen
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| How do winds form? | The warm air rises up and pushes the cold air down. Also cold air comes from the poles to meet warm air at the equator.
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| What type of weather would follow a warm front? | rain
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| What type of weather would follow a cold front? | short-lived violent storms or light precipitation
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| What tool measures atmospheric pressure? | barometer
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| A rising barometer indicates what type of weather? | rain
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| Why are you not crushed by the atmospheric pressure? | because equal pressure is inside us because of our pores and mouths etc.
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| energy | the ability to do work
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| kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion
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| potential energy | energy that is stored as a result of position or shape
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| elastic potential energy | the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed
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| electrical energy | the energy associated with electric charges
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| electromagnetic energy | a form of energy consisting of changing electric and magnetic fields
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| energy conversions | the process of changing energy from one form to another
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| entropy | the breakdown of systems
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| chemical energy | the energy stored in the chemical bonds within a substance
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| gravitational potential energy | the potential energy that depends upon an object's height above a reference point
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| mechanical energy | the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects
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| nuclear energy | the energy stored in atomic nuclei
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| law of conservation of energy | can't be created or destroyed
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| thermal energy | The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles of an object
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| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point
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| specific heat | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius
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| calorimeter | Instrument used to measure thermal energy released or absorbed during a chemical or physical change
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| conduction | The transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter, within a material or between materials that are touching
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| thermal conductor | A material that conducts thermal energy well
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| thermal insulator | A material the conducts thermal energy poorly
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| convection | The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another
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| radiation | The transfer of energy by waves moving through space
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| thermodynamics | The study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is conserved
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| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system
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| 3rd Law of Thermodynamics | Absolute zero cannot be reached
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| heat engine | Any device that converts thermal energy into work
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| waste heat | Thermal energy discharged into an area at lower temperature without being converted into useful work.
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| anticline | a fold of rock layers that slope downward on boths sides of a common crest
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| compression | an area of longitudinal wave where particles of the medium are close together
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| fault | a break in Earth's crust
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| folding | bending layers of rock
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| monocline | a set of rock loyers that all slope downward from the horizontal in the same direction
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| mountain range | A series of mountain ridges alike in form, direction, and origin
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| mountain system | a series of interconnected or geologically related mountain ranges
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| plateau | a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above adjoining land on at least one side, and often cut by deep canyons
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| shearing | to take off by friction of like materials
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