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Photosynthesis and Respiration Test Study Guide

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Question
Answer
What is an autotroph?   an organism that makes it's own food/energy (independent) Ex. plants  
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What is a heterotroph?   an organism that depends on other organisms to supply their energy/food (dependent) Ex. humans and animals  
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What is Chlorophyll?   a green pigment in the chloroplast  
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What are Stomata?   an opening in the underside of a leaf. Lets out oxygen and brings in carbon dioxide  
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What is Photosynthesis?   The process in which a plant captures energy from the sun- chlorophyll absorbs the energy in the chloroplasts (Stage One) uses sun energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars for energy/food and oxygen (Stage Two)  
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Carbon Dioxide + Water ------> Light Energy = Sugar + Oxygen   Photosynthesis, opposite for respiration  
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What is respiration?   When cells break down sugars and release the energy  
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What is Stage 1?   In the Cytoplasm, molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules  
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What is Stage 2?   In the Mitochondria, the smaller molecules use oxygen to further break down the molecules which releases the energy  
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Sugar + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy   Respiration equation  
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What is Fermentation?   When the body can't supply the cells oxygen anymore, fermentation supplies the cells with energy without using oxygen  
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What are the two kinds of fermentation?   Alcoholic which occurs in yeast and Lactic Acid which occurs in muscles in the body  
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