A&P 2 Digestion Part 2
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| enterogastric reflex | The reflexive inhibition of gstric secretion; initiated by the arrival of chyme in the small intestine. | ||||
| hormone | A compound that is secreted by one cell and travels through the circulatory system to affect the activities of cells in another portion of the body. | ||||
| vermiform appendis | A blind tube connected to the cecum of the large intestine. | ||||
| enterokinase | An enzyme in the lumen of the small intestine that activates the proenzymes secreted by the pancreas. | ||||
| bile | The exocrine secretion of the liver; stored in the gallbladder and ejected into the duodenum. | ||||
| urobilin | A compound derived from urobilinogen and ultimately from the bilirubin excreted in bile. | ||||
| plica (PLI-ka) | A permanent transverse fold in the wall of the small intestine. | ||||
| anal canal | The distal portion of the rectum that contains the anal columns and ends at the anus. | ||||
| peptidases | Enzymes that split peptide bonds and release amino acids. | ||||
| ileum | The distal 2.5 m of the small intestine. | ||||
| pepsin | A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands in the stomach. | ||||
| submandibular salivary glands | Salivary glands nestled in depressions on the medial surfaces of the mandible; salivary glands that produce a mixture of mucins and enzymes (salivary amylase). | ||||
| proteinase (also protease) | An enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids. | ||||
| peristalsis | A wave of smooth muscle contractions that propels materials along the axis of a tube such as the digestive tract, the ureters or the ductus deferens. | ||||
| protease (also proteinase) | An enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids. | ||||
| enamel | Crystalline material similar in mineral composition to bone, but harder and without osteocytes, that covers the exposed surfaces of the teeth. | ||||
| bolus | A compact mass; usually refers to compacted ingested material on its way to the stomach. | ||||
| local hormone (also prostaglandin) | A fatty acid secreted by one cell that alters the metabolic activities or sensitivities of adjacent cells; also calle prostoglandin. | ||||
| digestion | The chemical breakdown of ingested materials into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the cells of the digestive tract. | ||||
| pancreatic duct | A tubular duct that carries pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the duodenum. | ||||
| pancreatic islets | Aggregations of endocrine cells in the pancreas; also called islets of Langerhans. | ||||
| muscularis mucosae | This layer of smooth muscle beneath the lamina propria; responsible for moving the mucosal surface. | ||||
| bilirubin | A pigment that is the by-product of the hemoglobin catabolism. | ||||
| jejunum | The middle part of the small intestine. | ||||
| serosa | See serous membrane. | ||||
| elastase (e-LAS-tas) | A pancreatic enzyme that breaks down elastin fibers. | ||||
| intrinsic factor | A glycoprotein, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, that facilitates the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12. | ||||
| protein | A large polypeptide with a complex structure. | ||||
| elimination | The ejection of wastes from the bocy through urination or defecation. | ||||
| CCK cholecystokinin | A duodenal hormone that stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder and the secretion of enzymes by the exocrine pancreas; also called pancreozymin. | ||||
| carboxypeptidase (kar-bok-se-PEP-ti-das) | A protease that breaks down proteins and releases amino acids. | ||||
| proenzyme | An inactive enzyme secreted by an epithelial cell. | ||||
| alveolus/alveoli | Blind pockets at the end of the respiratory tree, lined by a simple squamous epithelium and surrounded by a capillary network; sites of gas exchange with the blood; a bony socket that holds the root of a tooth. | ||||
| myenteric plexus | Parasympathetic motor neurons and sympathetic postganglionic fibers located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa. | ||||
| pulp cavity | The internal chamber in a tooth, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the cells that maintain the dentin. | ||||
| hydrolysis | The breakage of a chemical bond through the addition of a water molecule; the reverse of dehydration synthesis. | ||||
| gallbladder | The pear-shaped reservoir for bile after it is secreted by the liver. | ||||
| cancer | An illness caused by mutations leading to the uncontrolled growth and replication of the affected cells. | ||||
| bicuspid | Having two cusps or leafs; refers to a premolar tooth, which has two roots, or to the left AV valve, which has two cusps. | ||||
| mass peristalsis | A powerful peristaltic contraction that moves fecal materials along the colon and into the rectum. | ||||
| ingestion | The introduction of materials into the digestive tract by way of the mouth. | ||||
| cardia | The area of the stomach surrounding its connection with the esophagus. | ||||
| gastric glands | The tubular glands of the stomach whose cells produce acid, enzymes, intrinsic factor, and hormones. | ||||
| carbohydrase | An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate molecules. | ||||
| anoxia | Tissue oxygen deprivation. | ||||
| excretion | A removal from body fluids. | ||||
| trypsinogen | The inactive proenzyme that is secreted by the pancreas and is converted to trypsin in the duodenum. | ||||
| monosaccharide | A simple sugar, such as glucose or ribose. | ||||
| facilitated diffusion | The passive movement of a substance across a cell membrane by means of a protein carrier. | ||||
| dentin | The bonelike material that forms the body of a tooth; differs from bone in that it lacks osteocytes and osteons. |
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Created by:
tamiboren
on 2007-09-29