| question |
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| answer |
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| nosocomial infection |
hospital acquired infection |
| 1. source
2. route of transmission
3. susceptible host |
what are the 3 elements that must be present for an infection to spread? |
| What are the signs of infection? |
Fever, diaphoresis, Elevated WBC, tachycardia, Hyyperventilation, Productive cough, and pain |
| A process of infection where people are the source of their own infection via their endogeneous flora is called_______? |
Autogenous Infection |
| the mere presence of organinism in a host is______? |
colonization |
| in nosocomial infections give examples of gram negative bacilli: |
p aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and E.coli |
| In nosocomial infection give examples of gram positive bacilli: |
MRSA or staph aureus |
| what are the four major bugs that cause infection in hospital? |
1. VRE-vancoomycin resistant enterococcus
2. MRSA
3.ESBL-Extended Spectrum Beta Lactomace
4.C. difficile |
| what are the five routes of transmission? |
1. contact-
2.droplet
3. airborne
4. vector
5. vehicle |
| what are the infection control methods? |
GLoves/ Gowns, Universal precautions, isolation procedure, Needle blood precautions. |
| The process of destroying vegetative pathogenic organism. |
disinfection |
| disinfection and sterilization can be done in two ways ______ and ______. |
physical and chemical |
| ______ is a type of physical disinfection efficient and cost effective. but does not kill spores, may kill bacteria and some viruses. is done in batch process therefore its prone to be recontaminated during reassembly.must be submersed in water for 30 min |
pasteurization |
| give examples of low level chemical disinfectants. |
acetic acids and quats |
| give examples of Intermediate level disinfectant. |
alcohol, phenolics, iodophors |
| Give exaples of high level disinfectants. |
1.Glutaraldehyde also known as cidex.
2. hydrogen peroxide
3. sodium hypochlorite |
| what are the characteristics of cidex? |
PH of 7.5-8.5. alkaline, bactericidal in 10 min, tuberculocidal in 10-20min., sporicidal in 10hrs. |
| give examples of proper use and methods use of cidex |
1.equipment must be rinsed, dried, and packed after soaking.2. use for plastics, mouthpiece, tubing and aerosols. use specifically in resp equip like broncoscope. 3. can be use in metal bcoz its non corrosive. 4.careful specially to skin &mm.last 14-28day |
| This is a process that can be done through physical and chemical means, and destroys all microbial life including spores |
sterilization |
| give and examples of heat sterilization. |
autoclaving, incineration, |
| this method of sterilization cannot be used for plastics or heat sensitive materials. it is done through 121degrees celsius for 15 min. |
autoclaving |
| factors of this process includes temp of the chamber arnd 50 to 60 celsius, concnts must be 800-1000 mg/l, has to have 50% humidity to enhance effectiveness, exposure time has to be 1.5-6 hours. this chemical kills by damaging nucleic acids. |
ETO, ethylene oxide |
| what are the 3 major methods of sterilization used for respiratoryy care equipment. |
ETO, cidex and pasteurization |
| lack of any life or living organism. |
sterile |
| a term use for growing organism. |
vegetative organism |
| this means disease producing. |
pathogen |
| growth is inhibited |
static (ie.hydrostatic) |
| microoorganism are killed |
cidal |
| what kind of equipment is ETO use for in term of resp equipment. |
vents, ambu bag piece from HIV patient. |
| this type of disinfectant are most effective in 70-90% solutiions. non-sporicidal although it is bactericidal and fungicidal. |
Alcohol disinfectant |
| Agents are surfactants which will reduce surface tension. |
soap and detergents. |
| To treat every patients as an infection is_____ |
Universal precautions |
| What are the Category specific Isolation methods. |
Strict, Contact, Respiratory, Tuberculosis, Enteric, Drainage, Secretions, Blood/Body fluids, and Burn |
| _____ is to damgae the cell membrane, denature the proteinn or the cell process |
Killingof microogranism |
| In a increase of number of organism the _____must increase |
exposure time |
| How do you clean a Respiratory equipment at home |
Mild soap, rinse well, disinfect w/ acetic acid, rinse again, dry every 2-3 days. |
| In respiratory equipment what are the disinfectants used |
ETO, Cidex, and pasteurization |
| What are the ways infection spread to lungs. |
1. patients aspirate; oropharyngeal/ gastric secretions. 2. Inhalation of liquid doplets, dust particle nuclei, 3. Via Blood (hematogeneous spread) |
| What is the disease that can be highly acquired by hospital personels |
Hepa b |
| What is the MOST effective way to prevent cross contamination among patients. |
wash hands |
| Patients placed on a Resp Isolation would require ; |
1. single room 2. mask for those who enter the room 3. Door must be closed at all times 4. Negative Pressure Ventillation |
| TB is transmitted by what method of transmission |
Airborne |
| What is the disadvantage of pasteurization? |
The water can contaminate the equipment |
| A metal Laryngoscope blade for intubation. which method of sterilization would you use. |
Steam Autoclave |
| A gram neg bacillus whichis a highly resistant to many antibiotics is often found in sinks, drinking water, food and resp equip and is estimated to be the cause of 10%of nosocomial inf. best describes: |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| What is the primary source of infectious agents in hospitals |
People(patients, workers, and visitors) and contaminated equipment |
| When a RCP with unwashed hands spread an infection to a patients druing change of trach dressing what kind of route of transmission is this. |
Direct CONTACT transmission |
| A post operative patient in ICU develops P. Pnemonia what is the most likely source of this infection |
Indirect contact transmission via contaminated resp equipment. |
| A patient develop Hepa A through a contaminated food what kind of transmission is this. |
Vehicle transmission |
| what would you recommend for a a patient to clean the resp equip at home? |
Use mild soap, rinse well, disinfect with acetic acid or vinegar, rinse again and then dry, do it every 3-4 days. |
