| Flap 1 |
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| Flap 2 |
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| water is a good |
solvent |
| water is______&_______ |
cohesive and adhesive |
| water provides_________stability |
thermal |
| water had a high___________ |
boiling point |
| water is a strong_________ |
evaporative coolness |
| nuetral on pH scale |
7 |
| basic pH scale |
7- 14 |
| acidic pH scale |
0- 7 |
| a compound that forms h+ in solution |
acids |
| a compound that forms OH- in water |
bases |
| weak acids or bases that help keep the pH scale in living things near a neutral range |
buffers |
| acid &base |
antacids |
| types of macromolecules |
lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids |
| main source of energy, energy storage, or for structure |
carbohydrates |
| carb examples |
sugar, or glucose |
| made of |
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| mono saccharides |
single sugars |
| polysaccharides |
many sugars connected together |
| glycogen |
storing |
| used to store energy |
lipids |
| make up the outer portion of a cell |
lipids |
| lipids are made of mostly__&___atoms |
carbon, hydrogen |
| one_____&3_____ _______ |
glycerol, 3 fatty acids |
| store and transmit genetic info |
nucleic acids |
| two kinds of nucleic acids |
DNA, RNA |
| nucleic made up of 3 parts |
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| control the rate of chemical reaction |
proteins |
| control cell processes |
proteins |
| form structures |
proteins |
| examples of protein structures |
bone, muscle |
| example of proteins |
white blood cells, hemoglobin |
| moved substances in or out of cells |
proteins |
| help fight diseases inside organisms |
protein |
| the basic part of a protein is an |
amino acid |
| proteins are linked together |
amino acids |
| proteins are made of 4 |
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| only ____ amino acids in living organisms |
20 |
| ------- of protein is important |
shape |
| examples of carbs |
sugar, starches, |
| examples of lipids |
fats, oils |
| a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
chemical reaction |
| some reactions occur ___________ and release________ |
spontaneously, energy |
| some reactions need ____to make occur |
energy |
| the energy required for a reaction to occur |
activation energy |
| to remove a hydrogen from one end of a monomer and hydroxide from the next monomer. forms a bond loosing water |
dehydration synthesis |
| the reverse of dehydration synthesis. insert a molecule of water |
hydrolysis |
| double bonds in fatty acid |
unsaturated |
| double bonds cause... |
kinks, chains aren't straight |
| amino acids |
same bases, different R/variable groups |
| sequence of a chain of amino acids |
primary protein structure |
| occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds |
alpha secondary protein helix |
| occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets |
pleated sheet tertiary protein structure |
| its a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain |
quaternary protein structure |
| protein that lowers the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
enzyme |
| area on an enzyme where another molecule can connect |
active site |
| the molecule that connects to an enzyme at the active site |
substrate |
| enzymes only work at certain________ and____ ranges |
temperatures, pH |
