basic residential construction
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| baseboards | a board around the bottom of a wall perpendicular to the floor; covers gap b/w the floor and wall; decorative
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| basement | story-high space below the first floor; floor is usually concrete slab
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| British Thermal Unit (BTU) | A measure of heat used in rating the capacity of heating and cooling systems. (BTU)
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| Building Codes | NC requirements as to construction standards, with the primary purpose being safety.
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| celling joists | attached to the top plate of a wall and carry the weight of the roof
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| Certificate of Occupancy | Issued upon the satisfactory inspection of a structure; building is fit for occupancy and there are no building code violations
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| crawl space | the space between the ground surface and the first floor; frequently found in homes w/o basements that are not built on a slab foundation
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| eave | the overhand of a sloping roof that extends beyond the walls of the house.
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| fascia board | a flat strip of wood or metal that encloses the ends of the rafters; gutters are usually attached to it.
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| floor joists | a horizontal board laid on edge, resting on the beams that provide the main support for the floor.
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| footings | a concrete support under a foundation, chimney. or column that usually rests on solid ground and is wider than the structure being supported
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| foundation wall | the masonry or concrete wall below ground level that serves as the main support for the frame structure; form the side walls of the basement or crawlspace.
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| frame | the wooden skeleton of the house consisting of the floors, walls, ceilings, and roof
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| frieze board | a wooden board fastened at the top of the exterior wall under the eave soffit to prevent penetration of weather elements
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| girder | a heavy wooden or steel beam supporting the floor joists and providing the main horizontal support for the floor
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| header | the extra thick framing over doors and windows to bear the weight of the building above the opening
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| HVAC | an acronym for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning.
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| insulation | pieces of plasterboard, asbestos sheeting, compressed wood-wool, fiberboard, or other material placed between walls and ceilings to protect the interior from heat loss.
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| pier | a column, usually of masonry block or steel-reinforced concrete; bears wall weight.
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| pitch | the slope of a roof measured as the vertical distance in inches (rise) divided by the horizontal distance in feet (run)
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| rafter | one of a series of sloping beams that extends from the center ridge board to an exterior wall and provides the main support for the roof.
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| ridge board | a heavy horizontal board, set on edge at the apex of the roof, to which the rafters are attached
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| roofing felt | sheets of flat, heavy material place on top of the roof boards to insulate and water proof the roof
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| R-value | the insulation value of materials
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| sheathing | insulating material that is applied to the wall framing; then siding is applied on top of it
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| siding | boards nailed horizontally to the vertical studs, with or without intervening sheathing, to form the exposed surface of the outside walls of the building; can be made of wood, metal, or masonry sheets.
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| sill | the lowest horizontal member of the house frame; also on a window or door
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| slab | a flat, horizontal reinforced concrete area, usually the interior floor of a building but also an exterior or a roof area
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| soffit | the external underside of the eave; usually contains ventilation for the attic/roof
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| sole plate | the bottom of the wall frame that connects the studs to the flooring
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| stud | the vertical members in the wall framing; usually placed 16-24 inches apart and serve as main support for the roof and/or the story above
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| subfloor | boards or plywood sheets nailed directly to the floor joists; made of rough boards
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| top plate | the top part of the wall framing that connects the stud to the ceiling framing
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