Holt Modern Biology Chapter 15 Evidence for Evolution
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| Absolute Age | The actual age in years of a fossil
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| Acquired Trait | A trait not determined by genes but arising as a result of experience or behavior
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| Adapt | In populations, to change genetically over generations to become more suited in a particular environment.
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| Adaptation | An inherited trait that increases and organism's chance of survival in a particular environment
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| Adaptive Advantage | An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species
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| Analogous Structure | In evolution, structure in more than one organism that have similar appearance and function but different embryological origin
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| Artificia Selection | Breeding of organisms by humans for specific phenotypic characteristics
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| Biogeography | Study of the geographical distribution of fossils and living organisms
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| Cast | A type of fossil formed when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposing organism
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| Coevolution | The mutual evolution of two different species interacting with each other
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| Conserve | The act of preserving genes that remain unchanged in DNA
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| Convergent Evolution | The process by which unrelated species
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| Divergent Evolution | The process of two or more related species becoming more and more dissimilar
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| Extinction | The dying out of species
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| Fitness | A measurement of the ability of a species to respond to the pressures of natural selection; the ability to survive to propagate their genes
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| Fossil | The remains or traces of a once living organism
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| Homologous Features | Similar features that originated in a shared ancestor
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| Law of superposition | A law that states that successive layers of rock or soil were deposited on top of one another and the lowest level of oldest
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| Mass Extinction | One of the brief periods of time during which large numbers of species disappeared
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| Mold | A type of fossil formed from an impression of the shape or tracks of an organism
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| Natural selection | The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations
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| Population | All the members of a species that live in the same area and make up a breeding group
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| Relative age | The comparative ages of fossils found within a single stratum
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| Sediment | Dust, sand, or mud deposited over time by wind or water
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| Stratum | In geology, a layer of soil or rock in a cross section of the Earth
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| Uniformitarianism | A principle that states that the geological structure of Earth resulted from cycles of observable processes and that these processes operate continuously
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| Vestigial | Referring to a functionless structure that was functional in an ancestral species.
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