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POL175 Ch.11

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. biodiversity   The tremendous diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth's (global, regional, and local) ecosystems  
Chernobyl   A city in Ukraine that was the site of a 1986 meltdown at a Soviet nuclear power plant.  
demographic transition   The pattern of falling death rates, followed by falling birthrates, that generally accompanies industrialization and economic development  
enclosure   The splitting of a common area or good into privately owned pieces, giving individual owners an incentive to manage resources responsibly  
global warming   A slow, long-term rise in the average world temperature caused by the emission of greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas. (p. 390) See also greenhouse gases  
greenhouse gases   Carbon dioxide and other gases that, when concentrated in the atmosphere, act like the glass in a greenhouse, holding energy in and leading to global warming  
high seas   The portion of the oceans considered common territory, not under any kind of exclusive state jurisdiction  
infant mortality rate   The proportion of babies who die within their first year of life  
International Whaling Commission   An intergovernmental organization (IGO) that sets quotas for hunting certain whale species; states' participation is voluntary  
. Kyoto Protocol   The main international treaty on global warming, which entered into effect in 2005 and mandates cuts in carbon emissions in 2008-2012. Almost all the world's major countries, except the United States, are participants  
Montreal Protocol   An agreement on protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then eliminate use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is the most successful environmental treaty to date  
ozone layer   The part of the atmosphere that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Certain chemicals used in industrial economies break the ozone layer down  
pronatalist   A government policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception  
tragedy of the commons   A collective goods dilemma that is created when common environmental assets (such as the world's fisheries) are depleted or degraded through the failure of states to cooperate effectively.  
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)   A world treaty (1982) governing use of the oceans. The UNCLOS treaty established rules on territorial waters and a 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). (p. 400) See also territorial waters.  
UN Environment Program (LTNEP)   A program that monitors environmental conditions and, among other activities, works with the World Meteorological Organization to measure changes in global climate.  


   


 

 

 
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Created by: kaelin.steele on 2012-04-13




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