BIO202 - CH17 – Leukocytes (WBCs) - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ

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Abnormal types of white blood cells   Infectious mononucleosis - caused by epstein-barr virus, leukemias - WBC cancers  
Leukocytes are?   White blood cells (WBCs)  
What is diapedesis?   When white blood cells slip out of capillary beds to go where needed.  
Leukocytes move through tissue space by __.   amoeboid motion  
Leukocytes follow chemical trail to their destination - this is called __.   postitive chemotaxis  
What is leukocytosis?   WBC count over 11,000/ml - normal homeostatic response to an infection in body  
2 major categories of leukocytes.   Granulocytes (have membrane-bound granules) & agranulocytes (lack them).  
Pneumonic phrase to remember leukocytes from most abundant to least.   Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils).  
Granulocytes include __ & are __ in shape.   Neutrophils, basophils,& eosinophils (Never Eat Bananas) - Spherical  
Functionally all granulocytes are __.   Phagocytes  
Neutorphils contain antimicrobial proteins called __.   defensin  
Neutrophils are called PMNs or polys because?   They are polymorphonuclear leukocytes because their nuclei have 3-6 lobes.  
What is a respiratory burst?   When oxygen is used by phagocytes to produce oxidizing substances to kill germs - hydrogen peroxide - defensin - mediated lysis occurs.  
Neutrophils   2/3 of WBCs - follow chemical trails - fine granules - take up blue & red dyes.  
Eosinophils   Attach paracites & take part in alergic responses - 2 lobes, stain red, great against worms.  
agranulocytes   lymphocytes & monocytes (Let Monkeys).  
Monocytes   immature pagocytes - pale blue cytoplasm & dk. nucleus - become marcrophages - activate lymphocytes to mount immune response.  
B & T cells / lymphocytes   Operate in immune respoinses - 2nd most common WBC - lg. dk. nucleus w/sm. rim of blue & emeshed in lymphoid tissue.  
Basophils   Rarest WBC - release histamine - contain heparin (anticoagulant) - U or S shaped nucleus  
T lymphocytes (T cells)   Function in immune response by acting directly against virus - infected & tumor cells.  
B lymphocytes ( B cells)   Give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobins).  
What is leukopoiesis?   Production of WBCs - stimulated by chemical messengers.  
2 glycoprotein familes of hematopoietic factors   interleukins & coly - stimulating factors (CFSs).  
Monocytes may live for __.   several months  
Lymphocytes may live from __.   a few days to decades  
Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes occurs in __ & __.   leukemia & infectious mononucleosis  
An abnormally low WBC count is called __ is commonly induced by __.   leukopenia - glucocorticoids & anticancer agents  
The leukemias are named according to __.   The abnormal cell type primarily involved.  
Leukemia is acute when __ & chronic __.   it derrives from blast-type cells - when it proliferates from later stages.  
Acuteleukemia is seen most in __ & chronic in __.   children - elderly  
Without therapy, all leukemias are __.   fatal  
In leukemia, bone marrow becomes __.   totallyoccupied by cancerous leukocytes & immature WBCs flood into blood, causing anemia & bleeding  
The most common causes of death for leukemia are __.   internal hemorrhage & overwhelming infections  
Most CFSs are named for?   The leukocyte population they stimulate, ie granulocyte -CSF (G-CSF).  
Whatis the granulocyte line of leukopoiesis?   Hemocytoblast -> myeloid stem cell -> myeoblasts -> promyelocyte -> myelocyte -> band cell -> granular leukocyte  
The nuclei arc of granular leukocytes forms when?   in the band cell stage  
When myeloblasts accumulate lysosomes, they become __.   promyelocytes  
The agranulocyte __ diverge from a myeloblast that can become either a neutrophil or a __.   monocytes - monocyte  
Only __ arise via the lymphoid stem cell line.   lymphocytes  
Treatments for leukemia are?   Irradiation & drugs that destroy rapidly dividing cells - bone marrow or unbilical cord blood transplants.  
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by __ virus.   Epstein-Barr  
Hallmoark of infectious mononucleosis is?   Excess number of agranuloctyes.  


   

 
 

 
 

 

 

 
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