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Basic Anatomy

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Question
Answer
Anatomy   Study of structure and shape of the body.  
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Physiology   Study of functions of the body. Structure determines function.  
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1: Chemical Level   Atoms  
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2: Cellular Level   Cells  
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3: Tissue Level   Tissues  
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4: Organ Level   Organs  
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5: Organ Systems   Skin, cardiovascular  
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6: Organism   Shoop, etc.  
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Integumentary System: Includes   Skin, hair and nails.  
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Integumentary System: Function   Waterproofs the body, cushions and protects, excretion (sweat and tears). Regulates body temp. Pain, pressure and temp. receptors located here.  
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Skeletal System: Includes   Bones, cartilages, ligaments and joint.  
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Skeletal System: Function   Support and protect organs, provides framework for muscles, stores minerals. Blood cells are formed in bones.  
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Muscular System: Includes   Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, muscle  
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Muscular System: Function   Allows body to move. Facial expressions, posture, produces heat.  
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Nervous System: Includes   Brain, spinal column, nerves, and sensory receptors.  
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Nervous System: Function   Control system of body, responds to changing environment. Detects changes inside and outside the body.  
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Endocrine System: Includes   Pituitary, thyroid, parapthyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries and testes glands.  
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Endocrine System: Function   Maintain homeostasis, secrete hormones.  
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Cardiovascular System: Includes   Heart, blood vessels.  
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Cardiovascular System: Function   Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Heart pumps blood.  
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Lymphatic System: Includes   Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, spleen, tonsils.  
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Lymphatic System: Function   Cleans the body and blood. Immune cells found here.  
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Respiratory System: Includes   Larynx, lungs, pharynx, trachea, nasal passages, bronchi.  
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Respiratory System: Function   Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.  
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Digestive System: Includes   Esophagus, stomach, mouth, intestines, rectum.  
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Digestive System: Function   Breaks down food into usable units for energy. Ends with excrement.  
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Urinary System: Includes   Kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.  
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Urinary System: Function   Eliminate waste from body. Regulates water and salt balance of blood.  
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Reproductive: Includes   Testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina.  
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Reproductive: Function   Production of offspring.  
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Things we NEED to survive   Water, Oxygen, Appropriate body temp., Nutrients, Atmospheric pressure, Homeostasis.  
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Homeostasis   Maintenance of a stable internal environment.  
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Homeeostatic Imbalance   A disturbance resulting in disease.  
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Negative Feedback   Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms. Shuts off original stimulus, or reduces its intensity.  
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Positive Feedback   Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther. Blood clotting, birth of a baby.  
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Anatomical Position   Standing erect with palms facing forward.  
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Superior   Towards head/above.  
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Inferior   Towards feet/below.  
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Anterior/Ventral   Front.  
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Posterior/Dorsal   Back.  
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Medial   Towards the middle.  
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Lateral   Towards the outside.  
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Proximal   Closer to point of origin.  
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Distal   Further from point of origin.  
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Superficial   On the surface.  
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Deep   Away from surface, internal.  
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Body Plane: Median   Divides the body into left and right parts.  
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Body Plane: Frontal   Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.  
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Body Plane: Transverse   Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.  
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Cranial Cavity   Brain  
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Spinal Cavity   Spinal Chord.  
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Thoracic   Heart, lungs, etc.  
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Abdominal   Digestive  
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Pelvic   Urinary and reproductive.  
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