Basic Anatomy
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Anatomy | Study of structure and shape of the body.
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Physiology | Study of functions of the body. Structure determines function.
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1: Chemical Level | Atoms
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2: Cellular Level | Cells
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3: Tissue Level | Tissues
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4: Organ Level | Organs
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5: Organ Systems | Skin, cardiovascular
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6: Organism | Shoop, etc.
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Integumentary System: Includes | Skin, hair and nails.
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Integumentary System: Function | Waterproofs the body, cushions and protects, excretion (sweat and tears). Regulates body temp. Pain, pressure and temp. receptors located here.
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Skeletal System: Includes | Bones, cartilages, ligaments and joint.
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Skeletal System: Function | Support and protect organs, provides framework for muscles, stores minerals. Blood cells are formed in bones.
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Muscular System: Includes | Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, muscle
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Muscular System: Function | Allows body to move. Facial expressions, posture, produces heat.
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Nervous System: Includes | Brain, spinal column, nerves, and sensory receptors.
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Nervous System: Function | Control system of body, responds to changing environment. Detects changes inside and outside the body.
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Endocrine System: Includes | Pituitary, thyroid, parapthyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries and testes glands.
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Endocrine System: Function | Maintain homeostasis, secrete hormones.
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Cardiovascular System: Includes | Heart, blood vessels.
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Cardiovascular System: Function | Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Heart pumps blood.
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Lymphatic System: Includes | Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, spleen, tonsils.
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Lymphatic System: Function | Cleans the body and blood. Immune cells found here.
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Respiratory System: Includes | Larynx, lungs, pharynx, trachea, nasal passages, bronchi.
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Respiratory System: Function | Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
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Digestive System: Includes | Esophagus, stomach, mouth, intestines, rectum.
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Digestive System: Function | Breaks down food into usable units for energy. Ends with excrement.
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Urinary System: Includes | Kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.
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Urinary System: Function | Eliminate waste from body. Regulates water and salt balance of blood.
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Reproductive: Includes | Testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina.
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Reproductive: Function | Production of offspring.
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Things we NEED to survive | Water, Oxygen, Appropriate body temp., Nutrients, Atmospheric pressure, Homeostasis.
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Homeostasis | Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
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Homeeostatic Imbalance | A disturbance resulting in disease.
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Negative Feedback | Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms. Shuts off original stimulus, or reduces its intensity.
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Positive Feedback | Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther. Blood clotting, birth of a baby.
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Anatomical Position | Standing erect with palms facing forward.
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Superior | Towards head/above.
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Inferior | Towards feet/below.
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Anterior/Ventral | Front.
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Posterior/Dorsal | Back.
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Medial | Towards the middle.
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Lateral | Towards the outside.
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Proximal | Closer to point of origin.
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Distal | Further from point of origin.
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Superficial | On the surface.
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Deep | Away from surface, internal.
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Body Plane: Median | Divides the body into left and right parts.
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Body Plane: Frontal | Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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Body Plane: Transverse | Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
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Cranial Cavity | Brain
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Spinal Cavity | Spinal Chord.
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Thoracic | Heart, lungs, etc.
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Abdominal | Digestive
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Pelvic | Urinary and reproductive.
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Created by:
UtauxIkuto
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