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Chemists You Gotta Know

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Nationality and Date
Description
Name
English, 1778-1829   Discovered the new metals potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium, invented safe lamp for use in gassy coalmines   Sir Humphry Davy  
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English, 1733-1804   pioneer of chemistry of gases, and one of the discoverers of oxygen, Presbyterian minister   Joseph Priestly  
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American, b. 1901   Won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for work on chemical bonding and on molecular structure, also worked on inorganic complexes, protein structure, antibodies, and molecular basis of some genetic diseases   Linus Pauling  
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German, 1811-99   Shared discovery of spectrum analysis, which led to the discovery of cesium, rubidium, and other new elements, invented a burner and galvanic battery   Robert Bunsen  
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talian, 1776-1856   Formulated law named after him: equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules, when at same temperature and pressure   Amedeo Avogadro  
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Russian, 1834-1907   Formulated periodic law, predicted existence of several elements, element no. 101 named for him   Dmitri Mendeleyev  
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German, 1868-1934,   Invented process for synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen in the air, thus overcoming shortage of natural nitrate deposits accessible to German explosives industry in WWI   Fritz Haber  
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English, 1813-1898   Patented the process by which molten pig-iron can be turned directly into steel by blowing air through it in an eponymous converter   Sir Henry Bessemer  
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English, 1766-1844   Atomic theory elevated chemistry to a science, researched gases, law of partial pressures is named after him, first described color blindness   John Dalton  
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French, 1743-1794   known as founder of modern chemistry, discovered and named oxygen, and proved its importance in respiration   Antoine Lavoisier  
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Swedish, 1859-1927   Best known for work on dissociation theory of electrolytes and reaction rates, first to recognize "greenhouse effect" on climate. Won the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1903   Svante Arrhenius  
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English, 1731-1810   Discovered the extreme levity of inflammable air and ascertained that water is the result of the union of two gases. Eponymous experiment to estimate the density of the Earth   Henry Cavendish  
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