Gait Power Point
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Center of Mass is located where? | Anterior to S2
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| What structures in the body serve as levers? | Bones
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| At about what age is gait mature? | 6.5 years old
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| What is defined as the sequence of limb movements/controlled falling? | Gait
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| The distance from a point of contact with the ground of one foot to the following occurrence of the same point of contact with the other foot is what? | Step Length
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| What is the distance from initial contact of one foot to the following initial contact of the same foot? | Stride Length
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| What is the rate at which a person walks in steps per minute? | Cadence
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| What is the rate of change in linear displacement along the direction of progression measured over one or more strides expressed in meters per second? | Velocity
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| What are the 2 divisions of the gait cycle & what percentage of gait does each make up? | Stance = 60%; Swing = 40%
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| In individuals with some diseases which phase of gait will have an increased time? | Stance Phase
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| Which portions of gait comprise the stance phase? | Initial contact; Loading response; Mid-stance; Terminal Stance; Pre-swing
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| What portions of gait comprise the swing phase? | Initial swing; Mid-swing; Terminal swing
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| Instantaneous event which initiates the gait cycle. May also be called "heel strike". | Initial contact (double support)
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| The purpose of this is shock absorption. Utilizes eccentric muscle action at the ankle & the knee & is 0-10% of the cycle. Quad absorbs the loads, and 20 degrees knee flexion is desired. | Loading response- early stance
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| Initiation of single support; 10-30% of the gait cycle; time the opposite limb leaves the floor until body weight is aligned over the forefoot. Provides extrinsic stability of the knee to relieve the quads & reduce work of walking. | Mid-Stance
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| 2nd half of single support; Time from heel rise until opposite limb makes contact with the floor. Body weight moves ahead of the forefoot. Purpose is acceleration. Combined concentric action of the gast/sol. 30-50% of gait cycle | Terminal Stance
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| 2nd part of double support; 50-60% gait cycle. Initial contact with contralateral limb to ipsilateral toe off. Purpose- transfer weight to opp. limb & unlock stance leg for swing | Pre-Swing
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| To truly MMT the gastroc what should you do? | Heel raises off ground 20 times
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| Flexion to clear plantar flexed toe; 60-73% gait cycle. Toe-off. Swing leg comes off ground until it is opposite stance limb. | Initial Swing
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| Single support on opposite side; "Switching" period b/t initial & terminal swing. NO muscles active. Swing foot opposite stance limb until tibia vertical. 73-87% | Mid-Swing
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| Single support; 78-100% gait cycle Time the tibia is vertical to initial contact; Knee brought back to full extension | Terminal Swing
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| Initiated with lifting off opposite leg; ends when opposite leg contacts the floor; 1 limb responsible for BW support | Single Limb Support
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| Posturing to meet needs of advancing the limb; Lifting, advancing, & preparing for next stance interval | Limb Advancement
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| From initial contact thru foot flat; preserves forward momentum; Pre-tibial muscles work to decelerate heel drop. Dorsiflexion; gastroc= shock absorption | Heel Rocker
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| Eccentric control of soleus assisted by gastroc; Ankle now rocker for forward progression | Ankle Rocker
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| Heel rises; Provides for acceleration; Changes potential into kinetic energy; Strongest propelling force of the gait cycle | Forefoot Rocker
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| Anterior margin of medial forefoot & great toe are base for accelerated limb advancement; elastic recoil of plantar flexors moves the tibia forward | Toe Rocker
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| What are the 5 attributes of gait? | Stability in stance. Correct pre-positioning of foot in terminal swing. Adequate step length. Clearance in swing. Energy conservation.
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| Center of mass must remain within the base of support while standing & move forward from one base of support to the next while walking | Stability in stance
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| Swing limb: adequate ankle DF; Balance b/t invertors & evertors of foot; Appropriate foot position; Appropriate knee position | Pre-positioning of foot in terminal swing
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| Muscles tend to lengthen rather than shorten during gait | Energy Conservation
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| In the loading response phase, about how much knee flexion is desired? | ~20 degrees
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| In terminal stance, what ROM of hip, knee, & ankle are desired? | 10 degrees hyperextension to get to stable position; knee fully extended; Ankle DF to 10 degrees
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| In initial swing, what ROM of knee and hip flexion is desired? | 50-60 knee flexion; 20 hip flexion
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