MLT Toxicology
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| What is the purpose for drug monitoring? | ID non-compliance; Ascertain effectiveness of dosage; verify therapeutic range; Maximize therapeutic benefit and minimize adverse toxic reaction
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| The body sees drugs, etc as______. | foreign material/toxins
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| List the four general processes of metabolism. | Absorption; Distribution; Metabolism; Excretion
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| What are the 3 routes toxins/drugs are absorbed? | orally; rectally; parenterally (IV, IM)
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| What is a metabolite? | By product of metabolism or digestion
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| Which stage in the process of metabolism must the drug traverse the membrane when it reaches the tissue site? | Distribution
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| How does the body interpret drugs? | Foreign material
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| How are soluble and insoluble drugs excreted from the body? | Soluble drugs are excreted through the kidneys, and insoluble drugs must first be converted to soluble by the liver before it can be excreted by the kidneys.
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| Why do neonates have little capacity to eliminate drugs? | immature liver and kidneys
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| For children the dose is____the adult dose. | 2x; due to very active drug disposition (metabolism)
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| In the elderly drug disposition is________. | Decreased
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| Elderly have decreased drug disposition due to: | dec albumin 9carrier protein); dec metabolic rate; effects of disease
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| How does pregnancy affect drug disposition? | Hormonal chnages; Increased fluid volume
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| How does disease affect drug disposition? | hepatic function; cardiac capacity; renal function
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| What is the admin data needed for drug testing? | PT name, SSN, DOB, sex; date and time of colection; date/time of last dose; amt of last dose; name of drug; PT diagnosis;
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| Which is most important of the admin data? | Time
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| What are the sample requirements in drug testing? | Non hemolyzed serum/ plasma
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| What guidelines should you consider on collection? | trough, peak
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| prior to dose, drug concentration lowest level | trough
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| 60 min after dose highest level of concentration | peak
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| How do you store drugs? | Centrifuge samples; seperate serum/plasma from cells ASAP; most drugs/metabolites stable several days @ RT
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| Detects wide variety of drugs? | TLC
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| Better ID of drugs than TLC? | GC
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| Further specificity & extreme sensativity. | MS
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| Measure drugs simultaneously (slow) | HPLC
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| Which methodology uses carrier gas to seperate compounds? | Gas Chromatography
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| Which methodology id the method of choice? | EIA--uses enzyme
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| Effcective smooth muscle relaxant | theophylline
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| Helps to treat asthma & copd | theophylline
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| Stimulates CNS, inc resp rate | principle of theophylline
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| 10-20 ug | Therapeutic range (theophylline)
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| 70% absorbed orally | Digoxin
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| Improves cardiac contractions in CHF | Digoxin
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| Reported in ng/ml | Digoxin
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| Timing for Digoxin | Collect 8 hrs after dose
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| Corrects ventricular arrythmias associated with MI, cardiac surgery, and digitalis intoxication | Lidocaine
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| Not given orally | lidocaine
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| Toxic > 6.0 ug/ml | Lidocaine
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| Treatment and therapy for febrile seizures and neonatal seizures | phenobarbital
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| Primary drug in tx of absence (Petit-mal) and myoclonic seizures | Valporic Acid
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| Name 2 anti-eppileptics | phenobarbital;valproic acid
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| Multirpose antibiotic | Chloramphenicol
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| Used to treat certain Rickettsial Infxns | Chloramphenicol
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| Given to penicillin allergic PTs w/ bacterial meningitis | Chloramphenicol
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| Prevents cell wall synthesis | Vancomycin
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| Used aganinst S. Epi and S. Aureus | Vancomycin
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| Anibiotic against GPC/GPR | Vancomycin
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| Measure amt of NADH | Ethanol
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| Reactive Enzyme Assay Methodology | Ethanol
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| Salicylate is also known as... | Aspirin
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