Bacteria and Viruses
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| prokaryote | organism whose cells lack a nucleus | ||||
| bacillus | rod-shaped prokaryote | ||||
| coccus | spherical prokaryote | ||||
| spirillum | spiral or corkscrew shaped prokaryote | ||||
| chemoheterotroph | organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon | ||||
| photoheterotroph | organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source | ||||
| photoautotroph | organism that uses sunlight energy to convert CO2 and H2O to carbon compounds | ||||
| chemoautotroph | organism that makes carbon molecules from CO2 using energy from chemical reactions | ||||
| obligate anaerobe | organism that does not require oxygen in order to live | ||||
| obligate aerobe | organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live | ||||
| facultative anaerobe | organism that survive with or without oxygen | ||||
| binary fission | type of asexual reproduction where an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing 2 identical daughter cells | ||||
| conjugation | form of sexual reproduction where paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information | ||||
| endospore | type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm | ||||
| nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia | ||||
| virus | particle consisting of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells | ||||
| capsid | outer protein coat of a virus | ||||
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria | ||||
| lytic infection | process where virus enters a cell, copies itself, and causes the cell to burst | ||||
| lysogenic infection | process where a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of a host cell and is replicated along with he host cell's DNA | ||||
| prophage | the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA | ||||
| retrovirus | virus that contains RNA as its genetic information | ||||
| pathogen | disease causing agent | ||||
| vaccine | a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens | ||||
| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria | ||||
| viroid | single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids | ||||
| prion | infectious particle made up of protein rather than DNA or RNA |
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Created by:
Diana Key
on 2007-07-08