Intro to Personality Theory
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| How did the ancient Greeks perceive personality? | They had a Dionysian view: they saw the body as a cage and had the concept of transmigration
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| What is transmigration? | to pass at death from one body or being to another
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| three parts that the ancient Greeks believed to make up the personality | Personare (the mouthpiece), Persona (the mask), and Character (engraving on the mask aka specific aspects of the mask)
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| Personality | A pattern of relatively permanent traits and characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior
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| Traits | relatively permanent dispositions of an individual, which is inferred from behavior
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| Characteristics | unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence
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| theory | a set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
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| A theory is a set of ________. | assumptions
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| A theory is a set of _________ assumptions. | related
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| __________________ is used by the researcher to formulate hypotheses | logical deductive reasoning
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| epistemology | the nature of knowledge
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| science | the branch of study concerned with observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypotheses
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| hypothesis | an educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of the scientific method
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| deductive reasoning | going from general to specific
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| inductive reasoning | going from specific to general
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| taxonomy | a classification of things according to their natural relationships
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| Why do different theories exist? | alternate theories exist because of the very nature of a theory allows the theorist to make speculations from a particular point of view
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| Psychology of science | a subdisipline of psychology that studies both science and the behaviors of scientists
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| What makes a theory useful? | generates research, falsifiable, organizes data, guides action, internally consistent, and parsimonious
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| descriptive research | research concerned with the measurement, labeling, and categorization of the units employed in theory building
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| falsifiable theory | a theory that must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets
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| operational definition | definition that defines units in terms of observable events or behaviors that can be measured
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| parsimony | criterion of a useful theory that states when two theories are equal on other criteria, the simpler one is preferred
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| causality | holds that behavior is a function of past experiences
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| teleology | explanation of behavior in terms of future goals or purposes
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| validity | the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
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| construct validity | the extent to which an instrument measures some hypothetical construct
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| examples of construct validity | extraversion, aggressiveness, intelligence, and emotional stability
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| 3 types of construct validity | convergent validity, divergent validity, and discriminant validity
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| predictive validity | the extent that a test predicts some future behavior
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Created by:
Ellemkay
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