the process by which a certain base of a nucleotide will pair only with a certain other base of another nucleotide (adrenene with thymine or uracil, and cytosine with guanine)
base pairing
half of a duplicated chromosome, consisting of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule
chromatin
bundles of DNA and protein that appears in the nucleus of a cell during cell division
chromosome
(deoxyribonucleic acid) a nucleic acid that governs the construction and operation of the cell and contains the "blueprints" used to construct the cell's machinery
DNA
(ribonucleic acid) a nucleic acid that performs several functions related to protein synthesis in the cell; consists of a single chain of nucleotides and may assume a variety of shapes
RNA
the units of DNA in a chromosome that determine heredity
gene
the manipulation of genes in an organism by various direct laboratory techniques, allowing genes to be added, modified, or deleted from the genotype of an organism
genetic engineering
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA molecules that pairs only with cytosine
guanine
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA molecules that pairs only with guanine
cytosine
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA)
adenine
a nitrogenous base found in DNA molecules that pairs only with adenine; not found in RNA
thymine
a nitrogenous base found in RNA molecules that pairs only with adenine; not found in DNA
uracil
a random change or "typographical errors" in the genetic code of an organism (blank)
mutation
the process by which the DNA molecules is duplicated
replication
the process by which a cell produces an RNA copy of a DNA template
transcription
the process of synthesizing a protein from an RNA "blueprint" by a ribosome
