Bone Anatomy and Physiology
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| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Protect vital organs/soft tissue; Calcium storage and serum calcium balance; attachment for muscles
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| What are bones mainly comprised of? | calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
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| Describe the features of long bones. | central shaft – diaphysis, two ends epiphyseals
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| Give two examples of long bones. | Humerus and Radius, Tibia and Fibula, Femur
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| Describe the features of short bones. | cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone
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| Give two examples of short bones. | carpals and tarsals
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| Describe flat bones. | two layers of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone
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| Give four examples of flat bones. | Skull, ribs, scapula, sternum
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| Define the structure and function of bone marrow. | highly cellular blood-forming and storing tissue; makes RBC, WBC, and platelets
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| Describe the attachement of ribs to vertebrae. | 12 pairs of ribs – 7 attach to vertebrae and sternum, three attach to vertebrae and cartilage to ribs above and last two are only attached in the back
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| Name the bones of the arm. | Humerus, Radius, Ulna
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| Name the bones of the hip. | ileum, ischium, and pubis
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| What bone connects the two sides of the hip bones? | the sacrum
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| Define ligaments. | bands of rigid connective tissue that hold joints together allowing for movement with stability
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| Why does it take ligaments so long to heal? | poor blood supply
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| Name the 3 primary types of muscle. | striated skeletal, striated heart, smooth/involuntary muscle (intestines and artery walls)
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