Principles, approaches, and initatives
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| Definition of public health. | what a society does to promote an environment that equips its members to be healthy--focuses on health and well-being
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| When did the "new public health" emerge in the US, and what was its focus? | Emerged in the early 20th century and focused on health education, maternal and child health, and detection of unrecognized but treatable impairments
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| Name the top 10 achievements in public health in the 20th century. | vaccinations to prevent disease, motor vehicle safety, safer workplaces, decrease in deaths from CVA's and CHD, safer/healthier food, healthier mothers/infants, advances in family planning, fluoridation of drinking water, rec. of health hazard of tobacco
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| What is the role of public health practitioners? | finding solutions to current health problems, identify intervention to prevent dev. and spread of illness, and address behaviors that impact society
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| What is WHO's definition of health? | "the complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not just the absence of disease or infirmity"
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| What are WHO's prerequisites for health? | peace, shelter, education, food, income, stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
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| Define health promotion (according to Green and Kreuter, 1999) | "any combination of educational and ecological supports for action and conditions of living conducive to health"
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| To what does community health refer? | the physical, social, spiritual, emotional wellbeing of a group of people linked together geographically or by shared interests
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| Define prevention according to AOTA's framework. | "promoting a healthy lifestyle at the individual, group, organizational, community, governmental/policy level"
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| What is primary prevention? | interventions with health individuals, communities, and populations in order to decrease risk for potential health problems; examples: lifestyle redesign, falls prevention
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| What is secondary prevention? | early detection and treatment of diseases and disabilities; examples: developmental screenings
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| What is tertiary prevention? | interventions with people with disabilities or traumatized communities to prevent or minimize further dysfunction
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| Define wellness. | "a dynamic way of life that involves action, values, and attitudes that support health or improve health and quality of life" (Brownson and Scaffa, 2001)
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| What are the steps in OT to implement a health promotion intervention? | first: complete occupational profile; second: occupational performance analysis; third: development of occupation-based intervention
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| What is probably the single most important document in the history of health promotion? | the Ottawa Charter
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| What are the five directions identified by the Ottawa Charter for reach the long-term goals for healthier communities? | 1. Build healthy public policy
2. create supportive environments
3. strengthen community action
4. develop personal skills
5. reorient health services
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| What is occupational justice? | promotion of occupational engagement for all members of society through equal access to all components of society through policy and public health initiatives
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| What is the ICF? | standard, common language to describe health status and factors that influence health and wellbeing
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| Name top 10 leading health indicators. | physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, access to healthcare
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| What is a healthy community? | 1. provides access to preventative and clinical health services to all residents; 2. has a safe and health atmosphere; 3. has infrastructure to meet the needs of community members
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| What are healthcare disparities? | "racial or ethnic differences in the quality of healthcare that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriate intervention" (IOM, 2003)
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| What are the three critical roles for OT in health promotion? | 1. Promote healthy lifestyles for all clients; 2. emphasize occupation as an essential component of prevention strategies and health promotion; 3. expand OT interventions to expand clients beyond the individual
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| Why is OT so important in health promotion and disease prevention? | "OT focuses on occupational capabilities, skills, habits, roles, and routines as well as its expertise in modifying environments for optimal occupational performance" (Reitz & Scaffa, 2010)
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