Phys Lect 21
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| Response to spinal cord denervation: Can Parasymp/symp response return to an organ after innervation has been cut? | Yes, over time, the organ will increase its sensitivity to the neurotransmitter by increasing the number of receptors (Upregulation).
**pupil dilation will return after sup cervical ganglionectomy
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| How do Parasymp and symp preganglionic cells differ in their postganglionic synapses | Parasymp: Pregang synapse with FEW postgang cells.
Symp: Pregang synapse with MANY postgang (also has a bigger response due to chromaffin cells)
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| Function of Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in BOTH symp and Parasymp | A2 receptors are located on the presynaptic neuron axon terminal membrane. NE/E binds and causes inhibitory response (Cl- influx or K+ efflux). This makes the symp signaling brief and turns off parasymp when symp are very active.
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| What type of process is Vasodilation? | PASSIVE. it is a decrease in sympathetic tone (firing) to the BL vessels.
**Less than the normal resting tone.
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| What happens to the BL vessels if there is an increased sympathetic tone/ firing rate | Vasoconstriction.
**Unless there is a higher density of B2 receptors and Epi has been released in the BL by the chromaffin cells.
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| Referred pain: Erythema in response to gallbladder infection? | B/c the sensory afferents synapse at the same level as the symp cutaneous efferents (A2 rec), vasodilation can occur in the right upper quadrent due to increased inhibition of symp tone.
**Also synapses with a motor neurons of abdominal muscles (Firmin
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| Hyperesthesia | Increased sensitivity to touch. Caused convergence of peripheral and abdominal afferents going to pain centers in brain
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| Hyperalgesia | Increased sensitivity to pain. Caused convergence of peripheral and abdominal afferents going to pain centers in brain
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| Main control centers in the Medulla Oblongata | 1.Circulatory Center.
2.Respiratory Center.
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| Main control centers in the Pons | 1.Micturition (INHIBITION 99% of time).
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| What is the central monitor of ANS? | Hypothalumus. Receives inputs from midbrain, CSF, and BL
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