Biology Ch 8 Review
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| Avery | results not accepted by most scientists, transformation prevented by DNA destroying enzymes, DNA was the genetic material | ||||
| Hershey and Chase | added to Avery’s work, radioactive tracers, DNA stores genetic information | ||||
| DNA | sugar is deoxyribose, double helix, made of nucleotides | ||||
| Nucleotide | phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base | ||||
| RNA | sugar is ribose, one strand, uracil instead of thymine, ESSAY=name and describe 3 types | ||||
| Messenger | delivers information to ribosomes | ||||
| Transfer | carries amino acids to mRNA | ||||
| Ribosomal | makes ribosomes | ||||
| Franklin | X ray diffraction, discovered helical shape | ||||
| Wilkins and Franklin | first to suggest DNA was helix | ||||
| Replication | occurs before cell division, one mistake every billion nucleotides, two complimentary strands unwind and unzip while being duplicated, ESSAY=describe process | ||||
| Helicase | breaks hydrogen bonds, enzyme | ||||
| DNA Polymerase | check for errors during replication, add nucleotides during replication | ||||
| Translation | anticodon bonds to codon and releases amino acid into a chain, involves mRNA and tRNA, occurs at ribosomes | ||||
| Genetic Code | same in all organisms, use table | ||||
| Mutations | insertion, deletion, substitution | ||||
| Insertion | a base is added | ||||
| Deletion | a base is left out | ||||
| Substitution | a base is put in place of another | ||||
| Griffith | caused harmless bacteria to become deadly, | ||||
| Watson and Crick | DNA is double stranded and twists into a double helix, established structure of DNA | ||||
| Chargaff’s rule | A=T, C=G | ||||
| Transcription | messenger RNA is produced, | ||||
| Codon | nucleotide triplet specifies for specific amino acid | ||||
| Ribosomes | 3 binding sites during translation |
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Created by:
evroman
on 2012-01-10