Ancient Rome&&Greece
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complex, highly organized social order | civilization
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government in which the people hold ruling power | democracy
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system of government in which representatives are chosen by the people; a form of democracy | republic
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government by law; implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure | Rule of Law
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people that established the Greek civilization, which began on the island of Crete, around 2000 BC | Minoans
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city state which became the mainland Greek civilization | Mycenaea
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political unit made up of a city the surrounding lands.; also know as polis | city-state
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Greek word for hill; place for government buildings | acropolis
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Greek word for marketplace | agora
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two major city-states | Athens; Sparta
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Greek word for those who did not speak Greek | barbarians
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"best men"; later became privileged class | aristocrats
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someone who illegally took power; late came to mean absolute, unjust ruler | tyrants
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people rule themselves | popular government
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government in which people take part | democracy
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this Greek seized power from the nobility and created the first direct democracy | Cleisthenes
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type of democracy practiced in United States | representative
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leader in Athens when Athens reached its peak of power and wealth | Pericles
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war between Sparta and Athens | Peloponnesian War
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Phillip's son who conquered the Persian Empire | Alexander the Great
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the age of world wide Greek culture after Alexander | Hellenistic
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long poems about heroes and events | epic
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epic poem written by Homer about about Trojan War | Iliad
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epic poem written by Homer about Odysseus's travels after the Trojan War | Odyssey
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traditional stories about gods, goddesses, heroes that were used to explain the natural world | myths
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building at top of Acropolis which was built as a temple to Athena, which is considered the finest example of Greek | Parthenon
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study of basic questions of reality and human existence | philosophy
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these men wanted to discover natural laws, or truths, through reason | philosophers
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the philosopher used questioning to force students to question their ideas and values; he was executed for his teachings | Socrates
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this philosopher was a student of Socrates; used dialogue to deal with questions of government, education, justice, religion; he he believed the "Divine Worker" (God) conceived realm of perfect "Forms" and that humans have body and soul | Plato
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this philosopher was a student of Plato; he is known for logical methods that organized and classified information | republic
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an absolute ruler | dictator
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the means "I forbid" | veto
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this system prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful; US adopted this system; veto is example | checks && balances
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powerful landowners who controlled government; nobility who inherited power | patricians
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this group comprised most of the Greek population; farmers && workers who make up this group eventually gained some power | plebians
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major army unit of 4500-6000 citizens | legion
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wars between the Carthaginians (people of Carthage) and the Romans | Punic Wars
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domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region | imperialism
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general who emerged as dictator of Rome, then was assassinated by the Senate, including his ally Brutus | Julius Caesar
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rule of three | Triumvirate
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Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus | 1st Triumvirate
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date of Caesar's assassination | the Ides of March
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means "revered one" | Augustus
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Caesar's nephew who became first Roman Emperor; he was known as Caesar Augustus | Octavian
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period of the Roman Empire that lasted more than 200 years, known as the "Roman Peace" | Pax Romane
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roman water systems | aqueducts
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belief in multiple gods | polytheistic
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the western wall of temple that remained after Rome sacked Jerusalem (holy city) | Wailing Wall
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Roman emperor who declared his support for Christianity | Constantine
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bishops of empire cities | patriarchs
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Patriarch of Rome | pope
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