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final exam review

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
waxing   illumination getting larger  
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waning   illumination getting smaller  
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illumination   the amount of light  
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crescent   when the moon is less than half the way  
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gibbous   when the moon is more then half way  
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what are the 8 moon phases?   first quarter, waxing crescent, full moon, waning crescent, last quarter, waning gibbous, new moon, waxing gibbous  
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what is a phase?   the different appearances of the moon due to its changing positions  
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why does the moon have cyclical phases?   The moons changing position relative to earth and the sun, As the moon revolves around earth,solar energy reflects off the side of the moon that faces earth.  
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why do the sun and the moon appear to move across the sky each day?   Earth's rotation on its axis  
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What is happening when the Earth's shadow falls on the moon?   Lunar Eclipse  
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when does the polar region get almost 24 hours of night?   winter  
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waht causes the sunlight to hit earths surface differently?   different lattitudes  
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where on earth will the temperature and amount of daylight stay about the same year-around?   at the equator  
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where will the temperature be cooler because sunlight is spread over a larger area?   at the north and south pole  
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during the winter in the U.S., which hemisphere gets less dayllight hours?   northern hemisphere  
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during the summer in the U.S. , which hemisphere gets more daylight hours?   northern hemisphere  
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compare the temeratures and length of days during th winter months in the norther hemisphere to the southern hemisphere.   during the winter months in the northern hemisphere the southern hemisphere has higher temperatures and longers days  
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where do plants and animals get energy?   plants: the sun; animals: the plants  
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descrive cellular respiration.   it is the breakdown of food using oxygen  
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what is the equathion for cellular respiration?   C6 H12 O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+energy  
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what are the products of the cellular respiration?   carbon dioxide, water, energy  
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what type of energy is released during cellular respiration?   heat energy  
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where does cellelar respiration take place?   mitochondria  
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describe photosynthesis.   plants making food  
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what is used in photosynthesis?   water, light, carbon dioxide  
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what are the products of photosynthesis?   glucose and oxygen  
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what does photosynthesis mean?   made by light  
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what molecules in the plants cells absorb light?   chorophyll  
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where does photosynthesis take place?   chloroplast  
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what is the equation for photosynthesis?   6CO2+6H2O+ light energy  
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what are factories?   chloroplasts are analogous(similar)  
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what are the stages of exocytosis?   1) large particle are packed in vesicles 2)the vesicle fuses w/ the cell membrane 3) the cell releases the particle  
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what are the stages of endocytosis?   producers are the source of energy for consumers without producers, consumers wouldn't live  
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why are prodcuers important to the survival of all other organisms?   after the chromosomes are copied through mitosis  
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when does the parent cell divide during asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?   23  
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how many chromosomes does a human sex cell have?   there are 2parents that combine their chromisomes which means more variety in offspring  
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sex cell   an egg or sperm that carries half the amount of chromosomes of other cells  
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probability   the mathematical chance that an event will happen  
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homologous pair   a pair of chromosomes with similar information  
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meiosis   cell division that produce sex cells  
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evolution   the process by which populations inherit physical changes over time  
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mutation   changes in an organisms DNA  
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natural selection   when organisns with specific traits survive and reproduce at a greater rate than the organisms without those traits  
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what did mendal call the trait that seems to fade nto the backround in his genetic crosses?   recessive trait  
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what is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction   asexual= 1 parent & sexual = 2 parents  
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genes are part of ___ that give instructions to the cell for expressing traits.   DNA  
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How are genes and inherited traits similar and how are they different   Genes are the instructions from which traits are inherited  
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What is the probability of the phenotypes and genotypes of crossing 2 heterogeneous genes?   Genotypes BB=25%; Bb=50%. bb=25%  
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Explain asexual reproduction results in more-diverse offspring than asexual reproduction   In asexual reproduction the cells are just copied from the parent. In sexual reproduction the geners from the 2 parents are combined to make a new individual w/its own genetics combination  
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Domintan traits   The trait that appears (CAPITOL LETTER)  
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Recessive traits   The trait that fades into the background (lower case letters)  
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What is the Human sex cell   (blank)  
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How many chromosomas does it have the sex cell?   23  
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What are the 4 steps of human selection   Over production, Genetic variation, struggle to survive, successful reproduction  
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Why some animals survive adulthood and other don't   They inherited traits that help them to survive  
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Where does the genetic material that s responsible for dominant and recessive traits ca be found in the cells?   (blank)  
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