MCAT Gen Chem
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| quantum number: n | principle quantum number
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| quantum number: l | angular momentum quantum number; 0 to n-1
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| quantum number: ml | magnetic quantum number (orbital within a subshell); -l to l
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| quantum number: ms | spin quantum number; -1/2 to +1/2
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| hund's rule | orbitals filled so that max # of parallel half-filled orbitals are filled first; one orbital can't have 2 e- while another has 0
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| effective nuclear charge (Zeff) | attractive, positive charge of the nucleus perceived by valence e-; INCREASE w/ electronegativity
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| atomic radius | size of atom; DECREASE w/ electronegativity pattern
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| ionization energy | energy required to removed an election; INCREASE w/ electronegativity & Zeff
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| electron affinity | amount of energy released when an e- is added to neutral atom; larger for atoms closer to octet; INCREASE w/ electronegativity
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| electronegativity | attraction of an atom for e- IN A BOND; fluorine most electronegative
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| metallic character | characteristics associated with metals: electropositive, good conductors of head and electricity, malleable; DECREASE w/ electronegativity
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| formal charge | valence electrons - nonbonding electrons (lone pairs) - # bonds
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| AX2 | linear
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| AX3 | trigonal planar
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| AX2E, AX2E2 | bent
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| AX4 | tetrahedral
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| AX3E | trigonal pyramidal
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| AX5 | trigonal bipyramidal
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| AX6 | octahedral
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| AX4E2 | square planar
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| molecular dipole depends on... | MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION of bond dipole
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| increasing strength of intermolecular forces | dispersion forces --> dipole-dipole --> ion-dipole --> hydrogen bonding (strongest)
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| Boyle's law | Pressure & Volume INVERSELY proportional; P1V1= P2V2
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| Charles' Law | Volume & Temperature DIRECTLY proportional; V1/T1 = V2/T2
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| Ideal Gas Law | PV=nRT
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| Dalton's Law | Ptotal= Pa + Pb + Pc +....; Pa= Xa Ptotal
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| Graham's Law | SPEED of gas particles if proportional to square root of their MOLECULAR WEIGHT; @ same temp, particles have same average kinetic energy; (rate A/ rate B)= sqrt (MMb/ MMa)
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| gas behaves most like ideal gas at... | low pressure, high volume
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