definitions for final
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| Article | outlines a workplace issue in a CA
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| Clause | clauses break down articles into sections
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| bumping | senior employee passes down layoff to less senior employee
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| chilling effect | The lack of bargaining flexibility caused by the parties’ fear that a concession made in negotiations will reduce the arbitration outcome
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| collective bargaining coverage | a statistics that represents all of the employees both union and nonunion that are covered by a collective agreement as a percentage of the labour force
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| collective voice | voice of the union or unionizing employees
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| estoppel | a bar or impediment preventing a party from asserting a fact or a claim inconsistent with a position that party previously took, either by conduct or words, especially where a representation has been relied or acted upon by others.
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| final offer arbitration | a type of interest arbitration in which the arbitrator chooses one of the parties' proposals on each (or perhaps all) disputed issues.
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| grievance | formal complaint that specific clause in CA been violated – dispute between union & er over interpretation, application or administration of CA language
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| gross national product | market value of all products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country.
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| interest arbitration | board of arbitration rules on the terms and conditions of work
that could not be negotiated by the parties.
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| jurisprudence | theory and philosophy of law
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| letter of understanding | formal text that sums up the terms and understanding of a contract which mostly has been negotiated up to this point only in spoken form.
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| mitigating factors | any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence.
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| monopoly effect | theory that unions raise wages above rate of non-union ee’s – because of added costs in unionized environments – union workplaces employ fewer ee’s than non-union because of higher wages
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| nafta | NA free trade agreement
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| narcotic or dependency effect | A result of frequent use of arbitration that may cause parties to lose the ability to freely negotiate settlements without third party assistance
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| Probationary period | period where you can be fired for no reason
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| public good | a good that is non-rival and non-excludable.
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| recall | EDIT product recall?
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| residual rights | rights are those that are carried over from an earlier time or agreement
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| rights arbitration | Submitting those disputes for arbitration that arise over the interpretation of an existing agreement. If arising from a collective bargaining agreement, it is also called grievance arbitration. See also interest arbitration.
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| shock effect | occurs when increased costs and protection shocks management into stricter management practices
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| spillover effect | theory says the increased wages in union sector causes a decrease in demand for labour in union sector which in turn increases supply of labour in non-union sector reducing wages in non-union workplaces
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| super seniority | superior job security under a CA afforded to union officials in order to ensure continuing union representation in event of layoff or plant closure
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| threat effect | a belief that nonunion employers increase wages to avoid unionization
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| TNC's | a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation
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| wildcat strike | a strike action taken by workers without the authorization of their trade union officials.
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