Animal Hormones
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| What is the body's main system for internal chemical regulation? | Endocrine System
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| Regulatory chemicals that affect specific sites in body | Hormones
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| What are hormones made by? | Endocrine glands
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| How do hormones travel? | body fluids distributed by the circulatory system
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| Hormones trigger a response in what cells? | Target cells
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| How many general mechanisms do hormones trigger changes in target cells? | Two
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| What type of hormones bring changes without ever entering the target cells? | hydrophilic
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| What are the two general mechanisms that hormones trigger target cells? | hydrophilic and hydrophobic
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| What type of hormones triggers changes by binding to receptors inside the cell? | Hydrophobic
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| In what system are there specialized cells, tissues, and glands? | Endocrine
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| What don't glands have? | Ducts
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| What releases hormones into the bloodstream? | Glands
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| Where do the hormones go after they are released into the bloodstream from the glands? | They go into the circulatory system to target cells
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| What is the main control system of the Endocrine system? | Hypothalamus
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| What is part of the brain and receives info from the nervous system and sends out appropriate responses? | Hypothalamus
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| What is located in the neck just under the larynx? | Thyroid gland
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| What produces several hormones involved in controlling oxygen consumption, metabolism, and development? | Thyroid gland
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| What produces Calcitonin? | Thyroid gland
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| What helps to regulate the calcium levels in the blood? | Calcitonin
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| What is a condition in which there is too little thyroid hormone in the blood? | Hypothyroidism
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| What can result from dietary deficiencies of iodine or from a defective thyroid gland? | Hypothyroidism
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| What is the condition in which there is too much thyroid hormone in the blood? | Hyperthyroidism
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| What condition causes Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disease? | Hyperthyroidism
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| What are four disk shaped glands embedded within the thyroid? | Parathyroid glands
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| Which glands produce hormones that also control calcium homeostasis? | Parathyroid glands
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| What two things have opposite effects that control calcium levels in the blood and are said to be antagonistic? | Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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| What receives signals directly from the hypothalamus and consists of two parts, posterior and anterior lobe? | Pituitary gland
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| Which pituitary lobe stores and secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus? | Posterior
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| Where is the Antidiuretic hormone that directs the activity of the kidneys made in? | Posterior pituitary
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| Which pituitary lobe synthesizes its own hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and Prolactin, and secretes them directly into the blood. | Anterior pituitary
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| Which pituitary lobe also secretes growth hormone, which can have a broad effect on the body? | Anterior pituitary lobe
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| Growth hormones target what? | bone cells and muscle cells
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| What is the name for excessive growth hormone in childhood? | Gigantism
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| What is the name for excess growth hormone in adulthood which causes large and/feet? | Acromegaly
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| What is the name for too little growth hormone? | Dwarfism
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| What produces two hormones that play important roles in managing the body's energy supplies? | Pancreas
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| What helps maintain a homeostatic balance of blood glucose and stored glucose and are antagonists? | Insulin and Glucagon
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| Control of blood glucose and stored glucose is carried out by what kind of feedback? | negative feedback
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| Which type of diabetes is when the production of insulin is absent or defective? | Type 1
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| Which type of diabetes is too little insulin or cells respond poorly? | Type 2
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| Fatigue, Extreme hunger or thirst, mood swings, and tingling in the extremities are symptoms of what? | Diabetes
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| The human body has two adrenal glands located right above where? | each kidney
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| What two glands does each adrenal gland have? | adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
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| What is the name of the middle of the gland that the adrenal gland has? | adrenal medulla
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| The hormones produced by the adrenal glands enable the body to respond to what? | stress
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| sudden stressful stimuli, whether positive or negative, activate nerve cells in the hypothalamus that sends signals to stimulate the what? | medulla
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| What are the fight or flight hormones that the medulla secretes? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
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| The adrenal cortex is stimulated by what? | hypothalamus
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| Which adrenal gland secretes hormones that provide a slower, longer lasting response to stress knows as corticosteroids? | adrenal cortex
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| Which adrenal gland secretes hormones that ensures a short term response to stress? | medulla
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| The gonads secrete what kind of hormones? | sex
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| What are the three categories of sex hormones? | Androgens, Estrogens, and Progestins
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| Females have what type of sex hormone? | Estrogen
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| What hormones are primarily involved in preparing the uterus to support a developing embryo? | Progestins
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| Which hormones stimulate the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system? | Androgens
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| Hormone production by the gonads is regulated by what? | hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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| Ovary and testes are what? | Gonads
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| Levels of hormones rise during what? | Puberty
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| Gonadotropins are produced by what? | pituitary
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| What coordinates the development of sperm and regulates the reproductive cycle in females and makes follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone? | Gonadotropins
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| When does Estrogen rise in fall in a female? | Rises during egg development and falls after ovulation
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