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| alarm | the first stage of response to stress, a brief period of high arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, readying the body for vigorous activity |
| anger management training | techniques for decreasing or restraining displays of anger |
| anxiety | an increase in teh startle reflex |
| autonomic nervous system | a section of the nervous system that contols the functionoing of the intercal organs, such as the heart |
| contempt | a reaction to a violation of community standards |
| disgust | a reaction to something that owuld make you feel contaminated if it got into your mouth |
| Duchenne smile | a spontaneous expression that inculdes movement of both the mouth muschels and cetain muscles near the eyes |
| embarrassment | the emotional reaction to mistakes, being the center of attention, or "sticky situation' |
| emotion-based coping (or blunting) | methods in which people try to weaken their emotional reaction |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceiv, imagine and understand emotions and to use tha information in decision making |
| exhaustion | the third stage of response to stress when the body's prolonged response to stress decreases the synthesis fo proteins, including the proteins necessary for activity of the immune system |
| frustration-aggression hypothesis | the theory that frustration leads to aggressive behavior |
| guilty-knowledge test | a test that uses the poilygraph to measure whether a person has information that should be known only by someone giulty of a certain crime or soemone who talked with the guily person |
| health psychology | a field of psychology concerned with how people's behavior can enhance health and prevent illness and how behavior contributes to recovery from illness |
| inoculation | protection against the harmful effects of stress by earlier exposure to smaller amount sof it |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that emotion is merely our perception of autonomic changes and movemetns evoked directly by vaious stimuli |
| microexpressions | very bried, involuntary expressions of fear, nger, or other emotions |
| parasympathetic nervous system | a system of nuerons located in teh medulla dn the bottom of the spinal cord; these neurons send messages to the internal organs to prepare the body for digestion and related processes |
| polygraph | a machine that simultaneously measures heart rate, breating rate, blood pressure, and electrcial conduction of the skin |
| positive psychology | the study of the features that enrich life, such ass hope, creativity, couragte, spirituality, and responsibility |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | a condition in which people who have endured extreme stress feel prolonged anxiety and depression |
| problem-based coping (or monitoring) | methods in which people attend carefully to the stressful event and try to take effective actions |
| psychosomatic illness | an illnes that is influenced by a person's experiences- particularly stressful experiences- and by his or her reactions to those experiences |
| pure autonomic failure | an uncommon condition with unknown cause in which the autonomic nervous system stops regulating the organs |
| rape | secual activity without the consent of the partner |
| resistance | the second stage of response to stress; a stage fo prolonged but moderate arousal |
| Schachter and Singer's theory of emotions | the theory that the intensity of sympathetic arousal determines the intesity of an emotion but that cognitive factors determine the type of emotion |
| stress | according to Selye the nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upn it; according to Lazarus a situation that someone regards as threatening adn as possibly exceding his or her resources |
| subjective well-being | a self-evaluation of one's life as pleasant, interesting, and satisfying |
| sympathetic nervous sytem | a system composed of two chains of neuron clusters lying just to teh left and right of the spinal cord; these neurons send messages to the internal organs to perpare them for a burst of vigorous activity |
| Type A personality | a personality characterized by constant competitiveness, impatience, anger, and hostility |
| Type B personality | a personality characterized by an easygoing attitude, with little hurry or hostility |
