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Rocks and Minerals and Natural Resources

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Definition
Term
Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the material.   Physical Property  
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Inorganic, solid material found in nature that always has the same chemical makeup.   Mineral  
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Solid, inorganic material that is usually made of two or more minerals.   Rock  
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Solid material with atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.   Crystal  
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Rare, valuable mineral that can be cut and polished.   Gem  
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Material that contains enough of a useful metal that it can be mined and sold at a profit.   Ore  
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Molten rock material that exists at or above Earth's surface.   Lava  
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Rock that is produced when melted rock from inside Earth cools and hardens.   Igneous Rock  
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Describes igneous rocks that have small or no crystals and form when melted rock cools quickly on Earth's surface.   Extrusive  
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Describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.   Intrusive  
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A type of rock made from pieces of other rocks, dissolved minerals, or plant and animal matter that collect to form rock layers.   Sedimentary Rock  
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Force applied over a given area.   Pressure  
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New rock that forms when existing rock is heated or squeezed.   Metamorphic Rock  
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Diagram that shows the slow, continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another.   Rock Cycle  
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A material that provides useful energy.   Fuel  
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Nonrenewable energy resource, such as oil and coal, formed over millions of years from the remains of dead plants and other organisms.   Fossil Fuel  
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Sedimentary rock formed from decayed plant material.   Coal  
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Liquid fossil fuel formed from marine organisms that is burned to obtain energy and used in the manufacture of plastics.   Oil  
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Fossil fuel formed from marine organisms that is often found in tilted or folded rock layers and is used for heating and cooking.   Natural Gas  
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Amount of a fossil fuel that can be extracted from Earth at a profit using current technology.   Reserve  
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Alternative energy source that is based on atomic fission.   Nuclear Energy  
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