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Oceanography

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Currents/Ocean Water Movement   Marine Environments  
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deep-sea currents, cold and salty   density contrast currents  
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Antarctic Bottom Water   AABW  
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very cold dense water around Antarctica sinks   AABW  
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flows along ocean bottoms northward   AABW  
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North Atlantic Deep Water   NADW  
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cold dense water from the Arctic Ocean   NADW  
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sinks and flows southward above the AABW   NADW  
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cool dense water from Mediterranean and Antarctica   intermediate waters  
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sinks and flows above NADW   intermediate waters  
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wind controlled   upwelling zones  
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cool water moves to the surface   upwelling zones  
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replaces water pulled from basin margins by gyres   upwelling zones  
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water often rich in nutrients (Si, P, N)   upwelling zones  
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wind driven   Surface Waves  
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circular particle motion at sea   Surface Waves  
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near-shore/shallow depths   Surface Waves  
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elliptical particle motion   Surface Waves  
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wave base/bottom = back and forth particle motion   Surface Waves  
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waves steepen and break at very shallow depths   Surface Waves  
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abrasion, concussion   surf zone  
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particle rounding   surf zone  
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strong erosion, winnowing   Surface Waves  
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sediment size sorting, often cross-bedded   Surface Waves  
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water/sediment motion parallel to the shore   longshore drift/longshore currents  
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wave motion oblique to the shoreline   longshore drift/longshore currents  
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rotation of the Earth beneath tidal bulges   tides  
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result from gravitational attraction of sun and moon   tidal bulges  
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. ~ 2 tidal cycles every 24 hours   tides  
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zone effected by tidal water changes   intertidal zone  
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large changes in environmental conditions   intertidal zone  
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temperature changes   environmental conditions  
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high particle concentration in the water   environmental conditions  
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usually high a energy environment   intertidal zone  
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often fringed by marshes   intertidal zone  
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formed by low-growing plants   marshes  
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low energy zones of mud accumulation   marshes  
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usually dry   supratidal zone  
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exceptionally high tides cause flooding   supratidal zone  
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never exposed to air   subtidal zone  
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zone of light penetration through ocean water   Photic Zone  
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100-200 meters penetration   Photic Zone  
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200 m is the ~ shelf break depth in many areas   Photic Zone  
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life zone of the phytoplankton (microscopic plants)   zone of photosynthesis  
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marine (flooded) extension of a continent   Continental Shelf  
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represents 10% of the worlds continental area   Continental Shelf  
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end of the Shelf is marked by the Shelf Break   Continental Shelf  
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sediment collects here, builds up here   Continental Shelf  
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majority of the Earth's sedimentary strata formed here   Continental Shelf  
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zone of transition between continental and oceanic crust   Continental Slope  
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deepening water, erosion/deposition by turbidity currents   Continental Slope  
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cut by submarine canyons   Continental Slope  
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zone of terrigenous sediment accumulation   Continental Rise  
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~3-6 kilometers deep   Abyssal plain  
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barrier islands   Ocean Margins  
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parallel to shoreline   barrier islands  
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sand build-up by wind and erosion   barrier islands  
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lagoons or bays   Ocean Margins  
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behind and protected by barrier islands   lagoons or bays  
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shallow, quiet, often warm water   lagoons or bays  
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often fringed by marshes in intertidal zone   lagoons or bays  
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plant accumulations may form peat   lagoons or bays  
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epicontinental sea   Ocean Margins  
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semi-isolated   epicontinental sea  
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broad flooding of low elevation continental areas   epicontinental sea  
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example: Hudson Bay in Canada   epicontinental sea  
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floaters   Planktonic  
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phytoplankton living in the photic zone   plants  
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diatoms   phytoplankton  
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dinoflagellates   phytoplankton  
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calcareous nannoplankton   phytoplankton  
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zooplankton which eat other plankton   animals  
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single cell Protozoans; forams, radiolarians   zooplankton  
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planktonic Foraminifera- CaCO3   forams  
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SiO2   radiolarians  
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primarily swimmers like fish; multicellular organisms   nektonic organisms  
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primarily bottom dwellers; multicellular organisms   benthonic organisms  
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burrowing organisms   benthonic organisms  
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boring organisms   benthonic organisms  
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grazing organisms   benthonic organisms  
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draw food from the water   suspension feeders  
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consume sediment, use organics as food   deposit feeders  
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amoeba-like organisms - benthic forams   pseudopod feeders  
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fall in several categories   bacteria  
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dictates the type of shell which can easily be built   temperature  
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CaCO3   warm water  
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calcareous nannoplankton   warm water  
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reefs   warm water  
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forams   warm water  
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SiO2   cold water  
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diatoms   cold water  
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radiolarians   cold water  
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generally ranges from 30-40 parts per thousand salts   salinity  
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low salinity   brackish water  
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ocean margin bays and lagoons   brackish water  
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fresh water dilution from rivers   brackish water  
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high salinity   hypersaline water  
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ocean margin bays and lagoons   hypersaline water  
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salt concentration by evaporation   hypersaline water  
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