Questions from throughout the NUTR 425 exam study guide.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the simplest class of lipids? | Fatty Acids
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| At which end of the fatty acid chain does delta numbering start? | The carboxylic acid end
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| Name 18:3n3 | alpha linolenic acid
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| List the two essential fatty acids and explain why they are essential. | linoleic and alpha linolenic; These are essential because human lack Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases that are necessary to add double bonds to 18 carbon fatty acid chains
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| This form of fat comprises 95% of dietary fat. | Triglycerides
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| Name a triglyceride with palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid in the 1, 2, and 3 positions, respectively | 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerol
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| The most common sterol | Cholesterol
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| This enzyme is secreted by serous glands under the tongue and works on FA with 12C or less | lingual lipase
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| What is signaled by the release of CCK? What causes the release of CCK? | gallbladder releases stored bile; fat in the small intestine
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| What enzyme hydrolyzes cholesterol? | cholesterol ester hydrolase
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| Bile salts do not cross into the enterocyte and are returned to the liver by what route? | the portal vein (lymphatic)
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| Which lipoprotein contains the least protein? The most? | chylomicron; HDL
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| These confer specificity to lipoproteins. | apoproteins
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| What is the primary function of LDL? of HDL? | transport of cholesterol to the tissues; removal of cholesterol from cells where it has accumulated and return it to the liver for excretion in bile
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| How many ATP are consumed in the activation of a fatty acid by coenzyme A? | 2 (ATP --> AMP + PPi)
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| What molecule is used to transfer long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria? | carnitine
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| Calculate the ATP yield of stearate. | 8 C-C cleavages, 9 Acetyl CoAs oxidized, -2 ATPs for activation = 146 ATP from stearate
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| Name the starting molecule in cholesterol synthesis | Acetyl CoA
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| List the two key components of the fatt acid synthase system | Acyl carrier protein (ACP) and Condensing Enzyme (CE)
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| Name the 3 categories of eicoanoids | Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
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| What does PDGF do? | Attracts monocytes to damaged areas in arteries.
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