Stack #76725

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term
definition
Hijrah  Muhammad's escape from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) is known as:  
Kaaba  a shrine to local gods in Mecca; before the birth of Muhammad  
Allah  Islam's name for the one true God  
Umayyad  the first Islamic dynasty; rule passed down within the family. They moved the capital from Medina to Damascus  
Abbasid  In 750 this dynasty overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and moved the capital to Baghdad. Dynasty lasted until 1258 when the Mongols attacked.  
Quran  the Muslim holy book. The record of the revelations to Muhammad.  
Sunnah  provides Muslims with guidelines to live a proper life;  
Hadith  a collection of narrations of Muhammad's life  
Shahadah  declaration of faith; the 1st Pillar; testify or bear witness  
Hajj  the 5th Pillar; the pilgrimage (journey) to Mecca  
Shari'ah  Islamic law code based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah.  
Qadi  a judge ruling in accordance with the sharia, Islamic religious law. They have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims  
Mufti  interprets Islamic law; rules if the application of the criminal law is in accord with Islamic jurisprudence and the sharia and sometimes overrules criminal courts.  
Jihad  a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty; or a personal struggle in devotion to Islam especially involving spiritual discipline  
Ramadan  the ninth month of the Islamic year observed as sacred with fasting practiced daily from dawn to sunset  
Ummah  the Community of Believers - the whole Islamic Nation - all believers  
Imam  Arabic for leader; the Caliph  
sultan  Muslim rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms, without claiming the overall Caliphate  
mosque  a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith  
muezzin  is a chosen person at the mosque who leads the call (adhan) to Friday service and the five daily prayers  
Al-Kindi  best known for his efforts to introduce philosophy to the Arab world; translated the greek texts 801-873 scientist, philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician  
Ibn Sina  Greatest Muslim doctor, known as Avicenna in Europe. His most famous works are The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine  
Al-Jahiz  was a famous Arab scholar and writer. He was an Arabic prose writer, historian, and author of works of literature, Mu'tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics.  
Al-Khwarizmi  considered to be the father of algebra  
Khadija  Muhammad's wife  


   

 
 

 
 

 

 
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